---
title: refuel — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refuel» in the school dictionary: To refuel is to fill a car, plane, ship or other vehicle with fuel again. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# refuel

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** We, plane, I, It, tank, 40 litres · **What happens:** refuel, be, drink, get back, stop, land · **To what, where:** energy, motorway, car, 50 litres, 10 litres, 40 litres

<!-- .vabout -->
«refuel» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refuel in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/refuel.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refuel is to fill a car, plane, ship or other vehicle with fuel again.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuel:m1:1
# text = To refuel is to fill a car, plane, ship or other vehicle with fuel again.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refuel	refuel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	fill	fill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	vehicle	vehicle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
17	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuel** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  | again | with fuel; fill *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: informal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refuel is to eat and drink to get your energy back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuel:m2:1
# text = To refuel is to eat and drink to get your energy back.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refuel	refuel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	eat	eat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	drink	drink	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	xcomp	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	_
12	back	back	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuel** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | eat *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **drink** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **get back** | to-infinitive |  | your energy |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer energy=Stimulus |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We stopped to refuel on the motorway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuel:x1:1
# text = We stopped to refuel on the motorway.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	stopped	stop	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	refuel	refuel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	motorway	motorway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | past | We |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **refuel** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  | the motorway |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The plane landed to refuel before flying on.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuel:x2:1
# text = The plane landed to refuel before flying on.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plane	plane	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	landed	land	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	refuel	refuel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **land** | past | the plane |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **refuel** | to-infinitive | the plane *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fly on** | gerund | the plane *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After football practice I need to refuel with a sandwich.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuel:x3:1
# text = After football practice I need to refuel with a sandwich.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	refuel	refuel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	sandwich	sandwich	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | I |  |  |  | after football practice |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **refuel** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with a sandwich | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It cost $60 to refuel the car.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuel:x4:1
# text = It cost $60 to refuel the car.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	cost	cost	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	$	$	SYM	$	_	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	60	60	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	refuel	refuel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	car	car	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | past | It |  |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme $=Value |
| 2 | **refuel** | to-infinitive |  | the car |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tank holds 50 litres; it had 10 litres left, so we needed 40 litres to refuel.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuel:x5:1
# text = The tank holds 50 litres; it had 10 litres left, so we needed 40 litres to refuel.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tank	tank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	litres	litre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	10	10	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	litres	litre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	needed	need	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	40	40	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	litres	litre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	refuel	refuel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	15	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | present | the tank | 50 litres |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Theme |
| 2 | **have** | past | tank | 10 litres |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent litre=Patient |
| 3 | **leave** | participle |  | 10 litres *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **need** | past | we | 40 litres |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **refuel** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | 40 litres *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rescue boat refuelled at the harbour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuel:x6:1
# text = The rescue boat refuelled at the harbour.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rescue	rescue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	refuelled	refuell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	harbour	harbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuell** | participle |  | the rescue boat *not said here* |  | the harbour |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The runners refuelled with oranges at half-time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuel:x7:1
# text = The runners refuelled with oranges at half-time.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refuelled	refuell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	with	with	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	oranges	orange	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	9	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuell** | past | the runners |  |  |  | time | with oranges | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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