---
title: refuge — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refuge» in the school dictionary: Refuge is safety or shelter from danger, trouble or bad weather. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/refuge/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/) / refuge

# refuge

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** refuge, place, people, Christians, God, We · **What happens:** be, give, escape, pray, mean, trust · **To what, where:** Refuge safety, place, safety, violence, refuge, safe place · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«refuge» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refuge in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/refuge.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Refuge is safety or shelter from danger, trouble or bad weather.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuge:m1:1
# text = Refuge is safety or shelter from danger, trouble or bad weather.
1	Refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Refuge safety or shelter from danger and trouble or bad weather |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A refuge is a place that gives this safety, like a shelter for animals, a mountain hut or a safe house for people escaping violence.

<!-- fold The tree, 25 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuge:m2:1
# text = A refuge is a place that gives this safety, like a shelter for animals, a mountain hut or a safe house for people escaping violence.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	gives	give	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
8	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
9	safety	safety	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
11	like	like	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	shelter	shelter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	appos	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	compound	_	_
19	hut	hut	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
24	for	for	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
26	escaping	escape	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	25	acl	_	_
27	violence	violence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a refuge | a place and a mountain hut or a safe house for people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present | a place and a mountain hut or a safe house for people | this safety |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent safety=Theme |
| 3 | **escape** | gerund | people *not said here* | violence |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme violence=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church, Bible — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians and Jews pray that God is their refuge, meaning a safe place to trust.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuge:m3:1
# text = Christians and Jews pray that God is their refuge, meaning a safe place to trust.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
3	Jews	Jew	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	1	conj	_	_
4	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	meaning	mean	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	trust	trust	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | present | Christians and Jews |  |  |  |  |  | vn long-32.2 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is a** | present | God | Christians's refuge |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** | gerund | Christians and Jews *not said here* | a safe place |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent place=Topic |
| 4 | **trust** | to-infinitive | Christians and Jews *not said here* | a safe place *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn conjecture-29.5-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We took refuge under a tree when the storm started.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuge:x1:1
# text = We took refuge under a tree when the storm started.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | We | refuge |  | a tree |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refuge=Theme |
| 2 | **start** | past | the storm |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The family sought refuge in another country after the war.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuge:x2:1
# text = The family sought refuge in another country after the war.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	family	family	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sought	seek	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **seek** | past | the family | refuge |  | another country | after the war |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent refuge=Theme in country=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bird reserve is a refuge for wild geese.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuge:x3:1
# text = The bird reserve is a refuge for wild geese.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	bird	bird	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	reserve	reserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	geese	goose	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the bird reserve | a refuge |  |  |  | for wild geese | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(Bible) The psalm says, "God is our refuge and strength."

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuge:x4:1
# text = (Bible) The psalm says, "God is our refuge and strength."
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	psalm	psalm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	says	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
8	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
11	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	ccomp	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the psalm |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | God | our refuge and strength |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Climbers sheltered in a mountain refuge for the night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuge:x5:1
# text = Climbers sheltered in a mountain refuge for the night.
1	Climbers	climber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sheltered	shelter	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	mountain	mountain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shelter** | past | Climbers |  |  | a mountain refuge | night |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in refuge=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wait on the traffic refuge in the middle of the road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuge:x6:1
# text = Wait on the traffic refuge in the middle of the road.
1	Wait	wait	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	traffic	traffic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	middle	middle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wait** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | the traffic refuge in the middle of the road |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on refuge=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The library was her refuge when the playground got too noisy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuge:x7:1
# text = The library was her refuge when the playground got too noisy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	library	library	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	9	advmod	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	playground	playground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	too	too	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
11	noisy	noisy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the library | her refuge |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **get** | past | the playground |  |  |  |  | noisy *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Peasant," cries the Demon, "wherever can I take refuge?"

<!-- fold The tree, 9 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refuge:x8:1
# text = "Peasant," cries the Demon, "wherever can I take refuge?"
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Peasant	peasant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
5	cries	cry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	Demon	demon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	wherever	wherever	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	13	advmod	_	_
11	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | Peasant | the Demon |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent demon=Topic |
| 2 | **take** *in a quote* | can | Peasant | refuge |  |  |  | wherever *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent refuge=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [refuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/refuel/)
- next →: [refugee](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/refugee/)
- ↑ back to [R in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/)