---
title: refund — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «refund» in the school dictionary: A refund is money given back to you, usually because you returned something you bought or a service did not happen. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# refund

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** refund, you, service, Mum, shop, they · **What happens:** be, give back, return, buy, not happen, refund · **To what, where:** money, you, something, toy, full refund, us

<!-- .vabout -->
«refund» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [refund in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/refund.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A refund is money given back to you, usually because you returned something you bought or a service did not happen.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refund:m1:1
# text = A refund is money given back to you, usually because you returned something you bought or a service did not happen.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	refund	refund	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	back	back	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
14	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	_
15	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	bought	buy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
18	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
20	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	22	advmod	_	_
22	happen	happen	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a refund | money |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **give back** | participle |  | money *not said here* | you |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent to you=Recipient |
| 3 | **return** | past | you | something |  |  |  | usually *property* | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 4 | **buy** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **not** **happen** | past · do-support | a service |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refund is to give someone their money back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refund:m2:1
# text = To refund is to give someone their money back.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refund	refund	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	back	back	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refund** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | give *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The toy was broken, so Mum asked for a refund.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refund:x1:1
# text = The toy was broken, so Mum asked for a refund.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	toy	toy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	Mum	Mum	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	asked	ask	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	refund	refund	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | past · passive |  | the toy |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **ask** *speech: ask* | past | Mum |  |  |  |  | for a refund | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The shop gave us a full refund.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refund:x2:1
# text = The shop gave us a full refund.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	shop	shop	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	refund	refund	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the shop | a full refund | us |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent we=Recipient refund=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep the receipt in case you need a refund.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refund:x3:1
# text = Keep the receipt in case you need a refund.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	receipt	receipt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	7	mark	_	_
5	case	case	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	fixed	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	refund	refund	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | the receipt |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent receipt=Theme |
| 2 | **need** | present | you | a refund |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot refund=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The concert was cancelled, so they refunded our tickets.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refund:x4:1
# text = The concert was cancelled, so they refunded our tickets.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	concert	concert	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	cancelled	cancel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	refunded	refund	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	tickets	ticket	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cancel** | past · passive |  | the concert |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **refund** | past | they | our tickets |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ticket=Theme |
| 3 | **ticket** |  | our |  |  |  |  |  | nom ticket «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I got a refund of three pounds.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refund:x5:1
# text = I got a refund of three pounds.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	refund	refund	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	7	nummod	_	_
7	pounds	pound	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | I | a refund of three pounds |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer refund=Stimulus |
| 2 | **refund** |  |  | three pounds |  |  |  |  | nom refund «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some shops will not refund sale items.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refund:x6:1
# text = Some shops will not refund sale items.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
3	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	refund	refund	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	sale	sale	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	items	item	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **refund** | future | some shops | sale items |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent item=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
If you get a refund of 5 dollars on a 12-dollar game, you paid 7 dollars in the end.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refund:x7:1
# text = If you get a refund of 5 dollars on a 12-dollar game, you paid 7 dollars in the end.
1	If	if	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	advcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	refund	refund	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	12-dollar	12-dollar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Ord	12	amod	_	_
12	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
16	7	7	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	17	nummod	_	_
17	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	15	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** *a condition, not said to happen* | present | you | a refund of 5 dollars on a 12-dollar game |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer refund=Stimulus |
| 2 | **pay** | past | you | 7 dollars |  |  | in the end |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dollar=Asset |
| 3 | **refund** |  |  | 5 dollars on a 12-dollar game |  |  |  |  | nom refund «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The airline refunded the money a week later.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:refund:x8:1
# text = The airline refunded the money a week later.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	airline	airline	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	refunded	refund	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
8	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refund** | past | the airline | the money |  |  |  | late *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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