---
title: regeneration — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «regeneration» in the school dictionary: Regeneration is when a living thing grows back a lost part, such as a lizard's tail or a starfish's arm. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# regeneration

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Regeneration, starfish, Lizards, forest, Human skin, Planting · **What happens:** be, grow back, lose, rebuild, grow, use · **To what, where:** Regeneration, lost part, new arm, tails, town centre, trees

<!-- .vabout -->
«regeneration» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [regeneration in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/regeneration.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Regeneration is when a living thing grows back a lost part, such as a lizard's tail or a starfish's arm.

<!-- fold The tree, 22 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regeneration:m1:1
# text = Regeneration is when a living thing grows back a lost part, such as a lizard's tail or a starfish's arm.
1	Regeneration	Regeneration	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	cop	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	advmod	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	living	living	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	18	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	lizard	lizard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	tail	tail	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	starfish	starfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present |  | Regeneration |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow back** | present | Regeneration | a lost part and a lizard's tail or a starfish's arm |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location part=Theme |
| 3 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Regeneration of a town or area is when it is improved and rebuilt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regeneration:m2:1
# text = Regeneration of a town or area is when it is improved and rebuilt.
1	Regeneration	Regeneration	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	area	area	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
9	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	improved	improve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	rebuilt	rebuild	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present · passive |  | Regeneration of a town or area |  |  |  | improve *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **rebuild** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Regeneration of a forest is when it grows back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regeneration:m3:1
# text = Regeneration of a forest is when it grows back.
1	Regeneration	Regeneration	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
6	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	back	back	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Regeneration of a forest |  |  |  |  | grow *property* | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A starfish can grow a new arm by regeneration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regeneration:x1:1
# text = A starfish can grow a new arm by regeneration.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	starfish	starfish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	grow	grow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	arm	arm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	regeneration	regeneration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | can | a starfish | a new arm |  |  |  | by regeneration | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location arm=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Lizards use regeneration to regrow tails.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regeneration:x2:1
# text = Lizards use regeneration to regrow tails.
1	Lizards	lizard	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	regeneration	regeneration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	regrow	regrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	tails	tail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Lizards | regeneration |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent regeneration=Patient |
| 2 | **regrow** | to-infinitive | Lizards *not said here* | tails |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The town centre was improved by regeneration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regeneration:x3:1
# text = The town centre was improved by regeneration.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	improved	improve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	regeneration	regeneration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **improve** | past · passive | regeneration | the town centre |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The forest showed regeneration after the fire.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regeneration:x4:1
# text = The forest showed regeneration after the fire.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	regeneration	regeneration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the forest | regeneration |  |  | after the fire |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent regeneration=Recipient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Human skin has some regeneration.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regeneration:x5:1
# text = Human skin has some regeneration.
1	Human	human	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	5	det	_	_
5	regeneration	regeneration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Human skin | some regeneration |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent regeneration=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Planting trees helps the regeneration of the land.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regeneration:x6:1
# text = Planting trees helps the regeneration of the land.
1	Planting	plant	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	trees	tree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	regeneration	regeneration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plant** | gerund |  | trees |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | present | Planting | the regeneration of the land |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent regeneration=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **regenerate** |  |  | the land |  |  |  |  | nom regeneration «process transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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