---
title: regression — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «regression» in the school dictionary: Going back to an earlier, worse or less developed state. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# regression

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way, one thing, person, bug, little brother, doctor · **What happens:** go back, develop, find, fit, see, change · **To what, where:** line, data, regression, bottle, regression line, points · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«regression» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [regression in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/regression.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Going back to an earlier, worse or less developed state.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regression:m1:1
# text = Going back to an earlier, worse or less developed state.
1	Going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
5	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	11	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	less	less	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
10	developed	develop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	conj	_	_
11	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go back** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | to a earlier state *result* | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to state=Result |
| 2 | **develop** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | less *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: maths, statistics — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A way of finding the line or rule that best fits data, to see how one thing changes with another.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regression:m2:1
# text = A way of finding the line or rule that best fits data, to see how one thing changes with another.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	finding	find	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
10	best	good	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	nmod	_	_
11	fits	fit	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	data	data	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	see	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	11	parataxis	_	_
16	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	19	advmod	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	18	nummod	_	_
18	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	ccomp	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | gerund | a way *not said here* | the line  best or rule |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Topic |
| 2 | **fit** | present | a way | data |  |  |  |  | vn adjust-26.9 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent data=Patient |
| 3 | **see** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 4 | **change** | present | one thing |  |  |  |  | with another | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: psychology — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When a person, often a child, starts acting younger than their age, for example after a shock.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regression:m3:1
# text = When a person, often a child, starts acting younger than their age, for example after a shock.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	often	often	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
9	starts	start	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	acting	act	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	younger	young	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	xcomp	_	_
12	than	than	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
16	for	for	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	example	example	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
18	after	after	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	shock	shock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **start** | present | a person and a child |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **act** | gerund | a person and a child *not said here* |  |  |  | after a shock | for example; young *property* | vn act-114-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: computing — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A bug where something that used to work stops working.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regression:m4:1
# text = A bug where something that used to work stops working.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bug	bug	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	4	advmod	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	appos	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	work	work	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **work** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stop** | present | a bug |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **work** | gerund | a bug *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the new baby came, my little brother showed some regression and wanted a bottle again.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regression:x1:1
# text = After the new baby came, my little brother showed some regression and wanted a bottle again.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
5	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
8	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
11	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	12	det	_	_
12	regression	regression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	wanted	want	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
17	again	again	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past |  |  |  |  | after the new baby |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **show** | past | my little brother | some regression |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent regression=Recipient |
| 3 | **want** | past | my little brother *not said here* | a bottle |  |  | again |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot bottle=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor was worried about a regression in her health.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regression:x2:1
# text = The doctor was worried about a regression in her health.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	worried	worried	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	regression	regression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	health	health	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the doctor |  |  |  |  | about a regression in her health; worried *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We drew a regression line through the points on the graph.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regression:x3:1
# text = We drew a regression line through the points on the graph.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	drew	draw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	regression	regression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	line	line	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	through	through	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	points	point	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	graph	graph	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **draw** | past | We | a regression line |  | the points on the graph |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent line=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new update caused a regression, and the game crashed again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regression:x4:1
# text = The new update caused a regression, and the game crashed again.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	update	update	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	regression	regression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	crashed	crash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
12	again	again	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | past | the new update | a regression |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition regression=Patient |
| 2 | **crash** | past | the game |  |  |  | again |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists used regression to see how height changes with age.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regression:x5:1
# text = Scientists used regression to see how height changes with age.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	regression	regression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
6	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	8	advmod	_	_
7	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	changes	change	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	ccomp	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Scientists | regression |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent regression=Patient |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive | Scientists *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **change** | present | height |  |  |  | with age |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sleep regression is when a baby suddenly sleeps badly again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:regression:x6:1
# text = Sleep regression is when a baby suddenly sleeps badly again.
1	Sleep	sleep	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	regression	regression	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	baby	baby	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
7	suddenly	suddenly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	sleeps	sleep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl:relcl	_	_
9	badly	badly	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	8	advmod	_	_
10	again	again	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Sleep regression |  |  |  |  | when *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **sleep** | present | a baby |  |  |  | again | badly, suddenly *property* | vn snooze-40.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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