---
title: reign — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reign» in the school dictionary: To reign is to rule a country as a king, queen or emperor. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reign

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** reign, reigning champion, one, Queen, England, lion · **What happens:** reign, be, mean, win, hold, break away · **To what, where:** period, strongest feeling, place, Silence, one, sport · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«reign» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reign in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reign.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To reign is to rule a country as a king, queen or emperor.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reign:m1:1
# text = To reign is to rule a country as a king, queen or emperor.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	rule	rule	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	emperor	emperor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | as a king and queen or emperor; rule *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reign is the period of time during which a king or queen rules.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reign:m2:1
# text = A reign is the period of time during which a king or queen rules.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reign	reign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	period	period	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	during	during	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	14	det	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	queen	queen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	conj	_	_
14	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a reign | the period |  |  | time |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To reign can mean to be the strongest feeling or thing in a place, as in "Silence reigned".

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reign:m3:1
# text = To reign can mean to be the strongest feeling or thing in a place, as in "Silence reigned".
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	csubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	strongest	strong	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	9	amod	_	_
9	feeling	feeling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	xcomp	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	Silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
20	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **is a** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | the strongest feeling or thing |  | a place |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **reign** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  | Silence |  |  | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In sport, the reigning champion is the one who won last time and still holds the title.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reign:m4:1
# text = In sport, the reigning champion is the one who won last time and still holds the title.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	reigning	reign	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	champion	champion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
10	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	won	win	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	acl:relcl	_	_
12	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	still	still	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	title	title	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the reigning champion | the one |  | sport |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **win** | past | the one |  |  |  | time |  | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **hold** | present | the one *not said here* | the title |  |  | still |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent title=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Queen Victoria reigned for a very long time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reign:x1:1
# text = Queen Victoria reigned for a very long time.
1	Queen	Queen	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	Victoria	Victoria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	very	very	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | past | Queen |  |  |  | time |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During the reign of King Henry VIII, England broke away from the Pope.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reign:x2:1
# text = During the reign of King Henry VIII, England broke away from the Pope.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reign	reign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	King	King	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:desc	_	_
6	Henry	Henry	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	VIII	VIII	NUM	CD	NumForm=Roman|NumType=Card	6	flat	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
9	England	England	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	away	away	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	from	from	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	Pope	Pope	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break away** | past | England |  |  |  | during the reign of Henry  King | from the Pope; away *property* | vn split-23.2 «NP V PP.co-patient»: agent=Patient from pope=Co-Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lion reigns over the jungle in the story.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reign:x3:1
# text = The lion reigns over the jungle in the story.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reigns	reign	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	jungle	jungle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | present | the lion |  |  | the jungle |  | in the story | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the teacher walked in, silence reigned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reign:x4:1
# text = When the teacher walked in, silence reigned.
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	4	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	walked	walk	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	reigned	reign	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **walk in** | past | the teacher | silence |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **reign** | participle |  | silence *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our school is the reigning champion of the county quiz.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reign:x5:1
# text = Our school is the reigning champion of the county quiz.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	reigning	reign	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	champion	champion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	county	county	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	quiz	quiz	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Our school | the reigning champion |  |  |  | of the county quiz | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(church) Christians sing that Christ will reign for ever.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reign:x6:1
# text = (church) Christians sing that Christ will reign for ever.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	church	church	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sing	sing	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	Christ	Christ	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	reign	reign	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	ccomp	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	ever	ever	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sing** *speech: express* | present | Christians | church |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **reign** | future | Christ |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Chaos reigned in the kitchen while Dad made pancakes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reign:x7:1
# text = Chaos reigned in the kitchen while Dad made pancakes.
1	Chaos	chaos	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
2	reigned	reign	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	kitchen	kitchen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	while	while	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	Dad	Dad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
9	pancakes	pancake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | participle |  | Chaos *not said here* |  | the kitchen |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **make** | past | Dad | pancakes |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pancake=Product |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My father reigned over six kingdoms.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reign:x8:1
# text = My father reigned over six kingdoms.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	father	father	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reigned	reign	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	over	over	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	six	six	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
6	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reign** | past | My father | six kingdoms |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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