---
title: reindeer — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reindeer» in the school dictionary: A reindeer is a deer of the cold Arctic and northern lands, with thick fur and large branched antlers; in North America wild reindeer are called caribou. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reindeer

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** reindeer, deer, male reindeer, Rudolph reindeer, Sámi people, wide hooves · **What happens:** be, branch, call, pull, fly, lead · **To what, where:** deer, wild reindeer, North America, flying sleigh, Christmas stories, reindeer · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«reindeer» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reindeer in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reindeer.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reindeer is a deer of the cold Arctic and northern lands, with thick fur and large branched antlers; in North America wild reindeer are called caribou.

<!-- fold The tree, 27 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reindeer:m1:1
# text = A reindeer is a deer of the cold Arctic and northern lands, with thick fur and large branched antlers; in North America wild reindeer are called caribou.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	deer	deer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	Arctic	Arctic	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	northern	northern	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	lands	land	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	thick	thick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	fur	fur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	appos	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
19	branched	branch	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	amod	_	_
20	antlers	antler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
22	in	in	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	compound	_	_
24	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
25	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux:pass	_	_
28	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
29	caribou	caribou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a reindeer | a deer |  |  |  | of the cold Arctic and northern lands | tree rules |
| 2 | **branch** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn differ-23.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **call** | present · passive | a deer *not said here* | wild reindeer |  | North America |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In Christmas stories, reindeer pull Santa's flying sleigh, led by Rudolph with his red nose.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reindeer:m2:1
# text = In Christmas stories, reindeer pull Santa's flying sleigh, led by Rudolph with his red nose.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	Christmas	Christmas	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	pull	pull	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	Santa	Santa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	's	's	PART	POS	_	7	case	_	_
9	flying	fly	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	sleigh	sleigh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	led	lead	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
13	by	by	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Rudolph	Rudolph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl:agent	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pull** | present | reindeer | Santa's flying sleigh |  | Christmas stories |  |  | vn push-12-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sleigh=Theme |
| 2 | **fly** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **lead** | participle |  | Santa's flying sleigh *not said here* |  |  |  | with Rudolph's red nose | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The reindeer dug in the snow to find lichen.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reindeer:x1:1
# text = The reindeer dug in the snow to find lichen.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	dug	dig	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	find	find	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
9	lichen	lichen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **dig** | participle |  | the reindeer *not said here* |  | the snow |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V PP.theme PP.location»: agent=Agent in snow=Location |
| 2 | **find** | to-infinitive |  | lichen |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lichen=Topic |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both male and female reindeer have antlers.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reindeer:x2:1
# text = Both male and female reindeer have antlers.
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
2	male	male	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
3	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	female	female	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	conj	_	_
5	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	antlers	antler	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | both male reindeer | antlers |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent antler=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In North America, wild reindeer are called caribou.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reindeer:x3:1
# text = In North America, wild reindeer are called caribou.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	North	North	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	America	America	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
9	caribou	caribou	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | present · passive |  | wild reindeer |  | North America |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rudolph the reindeer has a shiny red nose.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reindeer:x4:1
# text = Rudolph the reindeer has a shiny red nose.
1	Rudolph	Rudolph	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
6	shiny	shiny	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
7	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the Rudolph reindeer | a shiny red nose |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Sámi people herd reindeer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reindeer:x5:1
# text = The Sámi people herd reindeer.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	Sámi	Sámi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	herd	herd	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **herd** | present | the Sámi people | reindeer |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent reindeer=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reindeer have wide hooves that help them walk on snow.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reindeer:x6:1
# text = Reindeer have wide hooves that help them walk on snow.
1	Reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	have	have	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	hooves	hoove	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	help	help	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	snow	snow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Reindeer | wide hooves |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hoove=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | present | wide hooves | hooves *= hoove* |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent they=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 3 | **walk** | infinitive | hooves *= hoove* *not said here* |  |  | snow |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on snow=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We saw a herd of reindeer on our trip to Lapland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reindeer:x7:1
# text = We saw a herd of reindeer on our trip to Lapland.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	herd	herd	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	Lapland	Lapland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **see** | past | We | a herd of reindeer |  | our trip to Lapland |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer herd=Stimulus |
| 2 | **trip** |  | our |  |  |  |  | to Lapland | nom trip «act transitive»: poss=agent to=obl |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The reindeer sprang high for joy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reindeer:x8:1
# text = The reindeer sprang high for joy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	reindeer	reindeer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sprang	spring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	joy	joy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spring** | past | the reindeer |  |  |  |  | for joy; high *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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