---
title: reinforce — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reinforce» in the school dictionary: To make something stronger, especially by adding material or support. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reinforce

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** builders, Doing, you, Praise, More firefighters, photo · **What happens:** make, add, feel, send, repeat, reward · **To what, where:** something, material, idea, more soldiers, group, it

<!-- .vabout -->
«reinforce» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reinforce in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reinforce.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make something stronger, especially by adding material or support.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforce:m1:1
# text = To make something stronger, especially by adding material or support.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset something=Product |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | material or support |  |  |  | especially *property* | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent material=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make an idea, feeling or habit stronger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforce:m2:1
# text = To make an idea, feeling or habit stronger.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	feeling	feel	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	habit	habit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a idea |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset idea=Product |
| 2 | **feel** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To send more soldiers, police or helpers to make a group stronger.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforce:m3:1
# text = To send more soldiers, police or helpers to make a group stronger.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	send	send	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	amod	_	_
4	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	helpers	helper	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	group	group	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | to-infinitive |  | more soldiers and police or helpers |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent soldier=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a group |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset group=Product |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: learning — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To repeat or reward something so that it is learnt better.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforce:m4:1
# text = To repeat or reward something so that it is learnt better.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	repeat	repeat	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	reward	reward	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	10	mark	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	learnt	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	advcl	_	_
11	better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repeat** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 2 | **reward** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent something=Recipient |
| 3 | **learn** | present · passive |  | it |  |  |  | well *property* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The builders reinforced the wall with steel bars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforce:x1:1
# text = The builders reinforced the wall with steel bars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reinforced	reinforce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	steel	steel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	bars	bar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reinforce** | past | the builders | the wall |  |  |  | with steel bars | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent wall=Theme with bar=Instrument |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doing practice questions reinforces what you learnt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforce:x2:1
# text = Doing practice questions reinforces what you learnt.
1	Doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	practice	practice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	questions	question	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	reinforces	reinforce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	7	obj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	learnt	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund |  | practice questions |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent question=Eventuality |
| 2 | **reinforce** | present | Doing |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **learn** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fold the card to reinforce the bridge.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforce:x3:1
# text = Fold the card to reinforce the bridge.
1	Fold	fold	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	reinforce	reinforce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fold** | imperative | you *not said here* | the card |  |  |  |  | vn bend-45.2 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent card=Patient |
| 2 | **reinforce** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | the bridge |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot bridge=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Praise reinforces kind behaviour.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforce:x4:1
# text = Praise reinforces kind behaviour.
1	Praise	praise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reinforces	reinforce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	kind	kind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	behaviour	behaviour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reinforce** | present | Praise | kind behaviour |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot behaviour=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
More firefighters arrived to reinforce the team.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforce:x5:1
# text = More firefighters arrived to reinforce the team.
1	More	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	amod	_	_
2	firefighters	firefighter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	reinforce	reinforce	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **arrive** | past | More firefighters |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reinforce** | to-infinitive | More firefighters *not said here* | the team |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot team=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The photo reinforced the idea that the castle was haunted.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforce:x6:1
# text = The photo reinforced the idea that the castle was haunted.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reinforced	reinforce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	haunted	haunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reinforce** | past | the photo | the idea |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot idea=Theme |
| 2 | **haunt** | past · passive |  | the castle |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reinforced glass is hard to break.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforce:x7:1
# text = Reinforced glass is hard to break.
1	Reinforced	reinforce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reinforce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **is** | present | Reinforced glass |  |  |  |  | hard *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **break** | to-infinitive | Reinforced glass *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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