---
title: reinforced — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reinforced» in the school dictionary: Made stronger by adding more material or support: reinforced concrete. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reinforced

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** lesson, we, Practice, two new players, Reinforced glass · **What happens:** make, add, reinforce, give, learn, not shatter · **To what, where:** more material, bridge, knees, times tables, castle walls, team

<!-- .vabout -->
«reinforced» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reinforced in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reinforced.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made stronger by adding more material or support: reinforced concrete.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforced:m1:1
# text = Made stronger by adding more material or support: reinforced concrete.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	xcomp	_	_
3	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	adding	add	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
5	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
6	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	support	support	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
10	reinforced	reinforce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	concrete	concrete	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 2 | **add** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | more material or support and reinforced concrete |  |  |  |  | vn mix-22.1-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent material=Patient |
| 3 | **reinforce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Made stronger or surer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforced:m2:1
# text = Made stronger or surer.
1	Made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	stronger	strong	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	1	xcomp	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	surer	sure	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | strong *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The lesson reinforced what we learned.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforced:m2e:1
# text = The lesson reinforced what we learned.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	lesson	lesson	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reinforced	reinforce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	obj	_	_
5	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reinforce** | past | the lesson |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **learn** | past | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Given more soldiers, people or supplies.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforced:m3:1
# text = Given more soldiers, people or supplies.
1	Given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	amod	_	_
2	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	amod	_	_
3	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	supplies	supplies	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bridge is made of reinforced concrete.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforced:x1:1
# text = The bridge is made of reinforced concrete.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	reinforced	reinforce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	concrete	concrete	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · passive |  | the bridge |  |  |  | of reinforced concrete | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: subject=Product |
| 2 | **reinforce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The knees of my jeans are reinforced with patches.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforced:x2:1
# text = The knees of my jeans are reinforced with patches.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	knees	knee	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	jeans	jeans	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	nmod	_	_
6	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	reinforced	reinforce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	patches	patch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reinforce** | present · passive |  | the knees of my jeans |  |  |  | with patches | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: subject=Theme with patch=Instrument |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Practice reinforced her times tables.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforced:x3:1
# text = Practice reinforced her times tables.
1	Practice	Practice	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reinforced	reinforce	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
4	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	compound	_	_
5	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reinforce** | past | Practice | Practice's times tables |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot table=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The castle walls were reinforced before the attack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforced:x4:1
# text = The castle walls were reinforced before the attack.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	reinforced	reinforce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	before	before	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reinforce** | past · passive |  | the castle walls |  |  | before the attack |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The team was reinforced by two new players.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforced:x5:1
# text = The team was reinforced by two new players.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	reinforced	reinforce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reinforce** | past · passive | two new players | the team |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot subject=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reinforced glass doesn't shatter easily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reinforced:x6:1
# text = Reinforced glass doesn't shatter easily.
1	Reinforced	reinforce	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	amod	_	_
2	glass	glass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	5	advmod	_	_
5	shatter	shatter	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reinforce** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn support-15.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **not** **shatter** | present · do-support | Reinforced glass |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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