---
title: reluctance — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reluctance» in the school dictionary: Not wanting to do something, so that you do it slowly or unwillingly. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reluctance

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, much material, I, reluctance, He, dog · **What happens:** not want, do, resist, turn off, go, be · **To what, where:** something, it, magnetic field, game, dentist, reluctance

<!-- .vabout -->
«reluctance» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reluctance in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reluctance.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Not wanting to do something, so that you do it slowly or unwillingly.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reluctance:m1:1
# text = Not wanting to do something, so that you do it slowly or unwillingly.
1	Not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	wanting	want	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	so	so	SCONJ	IN	ExtPos=SCONJ	10	mark	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	7	fixed	_	_
9	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	unwillingly	unwillingly	ADV	RB	_	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **want** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme |
| 2 | **do** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **do** | present | you | it |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How much a material resists a magnetic field (a technical sense).

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reluctance:m2:1
# text = How much a material resists a magnetic field (a technical sense).
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	resists	resist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	magnetic	magnetic	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	technical	technical	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	sense	sense	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resist** | present | a much material | a magnetic field |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
With great reluctance, I turned off the game.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reluctance:x1:1
# text = With great reluctance, I turned off the game.
1	With	with	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	reluctance	reluctance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	off	off	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **turn off** | past | I | the game |  |  |  | with great reluctance | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent game=Patient with reluctance=Instrument |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her reluctance to go to the dentist was obvious.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reluctance:x2:1
# text = Her reluctance to go to the dentist was obvious.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	reluctance	reluctance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	acl	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dentist	dentist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	obvious	obvious	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | to-infinitive | Her reluctance *not said here* |  |  | the dentist |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to dentist=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **is** | past | Her reluctance |  |  |  |  | obvious *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He agreed, but with some reluctance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reluctance:x3:1
# text = He agreed, but with some reluctance.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	agreed	agree	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
4	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	reluctance	reluctance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **agree** *speech: agree* | past | He |  |  |  |  | with some reluctance | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V PP.co-agent how S»: agent=Agent with reluctance=Co-Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog showed reluctance to get into the bath.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reluctance:x4:1
# text = The dog showed reluctance to get into the bath.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	reluctance	reluctance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
7	into	into	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	bath	bath	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | the dog | reluctance |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent reluctance=Recipient |
| 2 | **get** | to-infinitive | the dog *not said here* |  |  | the bath |  |  | vn escape-51.1 «NP V PP.destination»: agent=Theme into bath=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There was a reluctance among the players to change the rules.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reluctance:x5:1
# text = There was a reluctance among the players to change the rules.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	reluctance	reluctance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	among	among	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | past | a reluctance |  |  | the players; there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme among player=Location |
| 2 | **change** | to-infinitive | a reluctance *not said here* | the rules |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Despite her reluctance, she joined the choir and loved it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reluctance:x6:1
# text = Despite her reluctance, she joined the choir and loved it.
1	Despite	despite	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	reluctance	reluctance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	joined	join	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	choir	choir	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **join** | past | she | the choir |  |  |  | despite her reluctance | vn mix-22.1-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent choir=Patient |
| 2 | **love** | past | she *not said here* | choir |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Gladly would she have plucked a flower, but she could not overcome her reluctance to break one off.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reluctance:x7:1
# text = Gladly would she have plucked a flower, but she could not overcome her reluctance to break one off.
1	Gladly	gladly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
3	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux	_	_
5	plucked	pluck	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	flower	flower	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
11	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
12	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	13	advmod	_	_
13	overcome	overcome	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	reluctance	reluctance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	break	break	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
18	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	17	obj	_	_
19	off	off	ADP	RP	_	17	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pluck** | would · perfect | she | a flower |  |  |  | gladly *property* | vn braid-41.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flower=Patient |
| 2 | **not** **overcome** | could | she | her reluctance |  |  |  |  | vn exceed-90 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot reluctance=Theme |
| 3 | **break off** | to-infinitive | she *not said here* | one |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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