---
title: remain — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «remain» in the school dictionary: To remain is to stay or still be there after other things have gone or been used: two cakes remain. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# remain

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** other things, two cakes, you, many, Sam, many cookies · **What happens:** remain, be, go, use, seat, leave · **To what, where:** same place, Remains, 16, 17, 20 cookies, 6

<!-- .vabout -->
«remain» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [remain in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/remain.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To remain is to stay or still be there after other things have gone or been used: two cakes remain.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:m1:1
# text = To remain is to stay or still be there after other things have gone or been used: two cakes remain.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	remain	remain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
7	still	still	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	cop	_	_
9	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	conj	_	_
10	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
11	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	20	nummod	_	_
20	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	remain	remain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | stay *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | still | there *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **go** | present · perfect | other things |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **use** | participle · passive | other things *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |
| 6 | **remain** | present | two cakes |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To remain is to stay in the same place or state: remain seated.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:m2:1
# text = To remain is to stay in the same place or state: remain seated.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	remain	remain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	stay	stay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
13	remain	remain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
14	seated	seat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  | the same place or state |  | stay *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **remain** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **seat** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Remains are what is left of something, such as old bones or ruins.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:m3:1
# text = Remains are what is left of something, such as old bones or ruins.
1	Remains	remains	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
3	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	appos	_	_
13	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	ruins	ruin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · passive |  | Remains |  |  |  | of something | vn leave-51.2-1 «NP V NP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Source of something=Destination |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Take 16 away from 17. How many remain?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Take 16 away from 17.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:x1:1
# text = Take 16 away from 17.
1	Take	take	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	16	16	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	obj	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	17	17	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take away** | imperative | you *not said here* | 16 |  | 17 |  | away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent 16=Theme from 17=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How many remain?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:x1:2
# text = How many remain?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	nsubj	_	_
3	remain	remain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | present | many |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Sam had 20 cookies and ate 6. How many cookies remain?

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* Sam had 20 cookies and ate 6.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:x2:1
# text = Sam had 20 cookies and ate 6.
1	Sam	Sam	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	6	6	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Sam | 20 cookies |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cookie=Patient |
| 2 | **eat** | past | Sam *not said here* | 6 |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent 6=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* How many cookies remain?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:x2:2
# text = How many cookies remain?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	cookies	cookie	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	remain	remain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | present | many cookies |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
9 birds remain on the fence after 4 fly away.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:x3:1
# text = 9 birds remain on the fence after 4 fly away.
1	9	9	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	nummod	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	remain	remain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nsubj	_	_
9	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
10	away	away	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | present | 9 birds |  |  | the fence |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on fence=Location |
| 2 | **fly away** | present | 4 |  |  |  |  | away *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many seats remain empty?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:x4:1
# text = How many seats remain empty?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	seats	seat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	remain	remain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | present | many seats |  |  |  |  | empty *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Please remain in your seats until the bus stops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:x5:1
# text = Please remain in your seats until the bus stops.
1	Please	please	INTJ	UH	_	2	discourse	_	_
2	remain	remain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	seats	seat	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	bus	bus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	stops	stop	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | your seats |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in seat=Location |
| 2 | **stop** | present | the bus |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In a fire drill, remain calm and walk outside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:x6:1
# text = In a fire drill, remain calm and walk outside.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	fire	fire	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	drill	drill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	remain	remain	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	walk	walk	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
10	outside	outside	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a fire drill |  | calm *property* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in drill=Location |
| 2 | **walk** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | outside *property* | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only a few leaves remain on the tree.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:x7:1
# text = Only a few leaves remain on the tree.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	few	few	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	leaves	leaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	remain	remain	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | present | a few leaves |  |  | the tree |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on tree=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists found the remains of a dinosaur.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:x8:1
# text = Scientists found the remains of a dinosaur.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	remains	remains	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **find** | past | Scientists | the remains of a dinosaur |  |  |  |  | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remains=Topic |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The merchant's daughter remained with them.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remain:x9:1
# text = The merchant's daughter remained with them.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	merchant	merchant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	daughter	daughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	remained	remain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **remain** | past | the merchant's daughter |  |  |  |  | with them *= they* | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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