---
title: remnant — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «remnant» in the school dictionary: A small part of something that is left after the rest has gone or been used: the remnants of the meal. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# remnant

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** small part, We, Mum, Cutting, remnants, Small remnants · **What happens:** leave, go, use, leave over, sell, survive · **To what, where:** remnants, piece, roll, cushion, fabric remnant, 4 m pieces · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«remnant» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [remnant in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/remnant.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small part of something that is left after the rest has gone or been used: the remnants of the meal.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remnant:m1:1
# text = A small part of something that is left after the rest has gone or been used: the remnants of the meal.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nmod	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	after	after	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
12	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	aux:pass	_	_
16	used	use	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	remnants	remnant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	meal	meal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · passive |  |  |  |  | after the rest |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 2 | **go** | present · perfect | a small part of something | the remnants of the meal |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **use** | participle · passive | a small part of something *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A piece of cloth left over from a roll, often sold cheaply.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remnant:m2:1
# text = A piece of cloth left over from a roll, often sold cheaply.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	cloth	cloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
6	over	over	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	often	often	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	sold	sell	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	acl	_	_
13	cheaply	cheaply	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave over** | participle |  | a piece of cloth *not said here* |  | a roll |  | over *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from roll=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **sell** | participle |  | a roll *not said here* |  |  |  | cheaply, often *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small surviving part of something old: remnants of a Roman wall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remnant:m3:1
# text = A small surviving part of something old: remnants of a Roman wall.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	surviving	survive	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
4	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	_
7	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	remnants	remnant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	appos	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	Roman	roman	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **survive** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Only remnants of the castle wall are left.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remnant:x1:1
# text = Only remnants of the castle wall are left.
1	Only	only	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
2	remnants	remnant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	castle	castle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · passive |  | remnants of the castle wall |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We ate the remnants of the birthday cake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remnant:x2:1
# text = We ate the remnants of the birthday cake.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	remnants	remnant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	birthday	birthday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | We | the remnants of the birthday cake |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remnant=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum made a cushion from a fabric remnant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remnant:x3:1
# text = Mum made a cushion from a fabric remnant.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	cushion	cushion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	fabric	fabric	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	remnant	remnant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Mum | a cushion |  | a fabric remnant |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent cushion=Product from remnant=Material |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Cutting 4 m pieces from a 14 m roll leaves a 2 m remnant.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remnant:x4:1
# text = Cutting 4 m pieces from a 14 m roll leaves a 2 m remnant.
1	Cutting	cut	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	csubj	_	_
2	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
3	m	M	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	14	14	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	m	M	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
10	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
12	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	m	M	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	remnant	remnant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cut** | gerund |  | 4 m pieces |  | a m roll |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V PP»: agent=Asset piece=Product from roll=Material |
| 2 | **leave** | present | Cutting | a m remnant |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remnant=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The remnants of the storm brought rain to the coast.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remnant:x5:1
# text = The remnants of the storm brought rain to the coast.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	remnants	remnant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	coast	coast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring** | past | the remnants of the storm | rain |  | the coast |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent rain=Theme to coast=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Small remnants of the old forest still grow by the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remnant:x6:1
# text = Small remnants of the old forest still grow by the river.
1	Small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	remnants	remnant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	still	still	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	grow	grow	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | Small remnants of the old forest |  |  |  | still | by the river | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by river=Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
But Vasilissa set the remnants of the hag's supper before her doll, burst into tears, and said:--

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:remnant:x7:1
# text = But Vasilissa set the remnants of the hag's supper before her doll, burst into tears, and said:--
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Vasilissa	Vasilissa	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	set	set	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	remnants	remnant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	hag	hag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	supper	supper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
11	before	before	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	doll	doll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
15	burst	burst	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
16	into	into	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	--	--	PUNCT	NFP	_	3	discourse	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **set** | past | Vasilissa | the remnants of the hag's supper |  | Vasilissa's doll |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent remnant=Theme before doll=Destination |
| 2 | **burst** | past | Vasilissa *not said here* |  |  | tears |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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