---
title: renaissance — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «renaissance» in the school dictionary: The Renaissance was a time in Europe, from about the 1300s to the 1600s, when art, science and learning grew greatly, starting in Italy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# renaissance

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Renaissance, art, Leonardo, artists, Board games, She · **What happens:** be, grow, start, learn, draw, begin · **To what, where:** time, Europe, Italy, new burst, famous painter, renaissance

<!-- .vabout -->
«renaissance» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [renaissance in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/renaissance.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Renaissance was a time in Europe, from about the 1300s to the 1600s, when art, science and learning grew greatly, starting in Italy.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:renaissance:m1:1
# text = The Renaissance was a time in Europe, from about the 1300s to the 1600s, when art, science and learning grew greatly, starting in Italy.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Renaissance	Renaissance	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	Europe	Europe	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	about	about	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	1300s	1300	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	5	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	1600s	1600	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan|NumForm=Combi|NumType=Card	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
17	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	23	advmod	_	_
18	art	art	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
20	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	learning	learning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	grew	grow	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
24	greatly	greatly	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
26	starting	start	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	23	advcl	_	_
27	in	in	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the Renaissance | a time and the 1300s to the 1600s |  | Europe |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **grow** | past | art and science and learning |  |  |  |  | greatly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **start** | gerund | art and science and learning *not said here* |  |  | Italy |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A renaissance is a new burst of interest or energy in something, a rebirth.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:renaissance:m2:1
# text = A renaissance is a new burst of interest or energy in something, a rebirth.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	renaissance	renaissance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	burst	burst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	interest	interest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	rebirth	rebirth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a renaissance | a new burst and a rebirth |  |  |  | of interest in something or energy | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Leonardo da Vinci was a famous painter of the Renaissance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:renaissance:x1:1
# text = Leonardo da Vinci was a famous painter of the Renaissance.
1	Leonardo	Leonardo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	da	Da	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
3	Vinci	Vinci	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	flat	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	painter	painter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	Renaissance	Renaissance	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | Leonardo | a famous painter |  |  |  | of the Renaissance | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
During the Renaissance, artists learned to draw with perspective.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:renaissance:x2:1
# text = During the Renaissance, artists learned to draw with perspective.
1	During	during	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Renaissance	Renaissance	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	artists	artist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	learned	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	draw	draw	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	perspective	perspective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **learn** | past | artists |  |  |  | during the Renaissance |  | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **draw** | to-infinitive | artists *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with perspective | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Renaissance began in Italy, in cities such as Florence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:renaissance:x3:1
# text = The Renaissance began in Italy, in cities such as Florence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Renaissance	Renaissance	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Italy	Italy	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
9	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	11	case	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	Florence	Florence	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **begin** | past | the Renaissance |  |  | Italy |  | in cities such Florence | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Board games are having a renaissance.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:renaissance:x4:1
# text = Board games are having a renaissance.
1	Board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	renaissance	renaissance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present · progressive | Board games | a renaissance |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent renaissance=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our old town centre has enjoyed a renaissance with new shops.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:renaissance:x5:1
# text = Our old town centre has enjoyed a renaissance with new shops.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
3	town	town	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	centre	centre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	enjoyed	enjoy	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	renaissance	renaissance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	shops	shop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **enjoy** | present · perfect · passive |  | Our old town centre |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She is a real Renaissance woman: she paints, codes and plays the violin.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:renaissance:x6:1
# text = She is a real Renaissance woman: she paints, codes and plays the violin.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
4	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	Renaissance	Renaissance	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
8	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	paints	paint	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	codes	code	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	plays	play	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	violin	violin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | She | a real Renaissance woman |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **paint** | present | woman | codes |  |  |  |  | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent code=Destination |
| 3 | **play** | present | woman *not said here* | the violin |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent violin=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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