---
title: rend — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rend» in the school dictionary: To tear something into pieces violently. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rend

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** scream, Jacob, It, war, he · **What happens:** tear, break, cause, rend, hear, be · **To what, where:** something, pieces, silence, great sadness, clothes, Bible

<!-- .vabout -->
«rend» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rend in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rend.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old or literary — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To tear something into pieces violently.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rend:m1:1
# text = To tear something into pieces violently.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	tear	tear	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	pieces	piece	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	violently	violently	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tear** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | into pieces *result*; violently *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent something=Patient into piece=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To break a silence or the air with a loud sound.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rend:m2:1
# text = To break a silence or the air with a loud sound.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	break	break	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	loud	loud	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **break** | to-infinitive |  | a silence or the air |  |  |  | with a loud sound | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent silence=Patient with sound=Instrument |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: literary — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cause great sadness or pain to someone's heart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rend:m3:1
# text = To cause great sadness or pain to someone's heart.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cause	cause	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	sadness	sadness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	pain	pain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	10	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	's	's	PART	POS	_	8	case	_	_
10	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | to-infinitive |  | great sadness or pain |  |  |  | to someone's heart | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition sadness=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The giant rent the tree in two.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rend:x1:1
# text = The giant rent the tree in two.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	giant	giant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	rent	rent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A scream rent the silence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rend:x2:1
# text = A scream rent the silence.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scream	scream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rent	rend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rend** | past | a scream | the silence |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent silence=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the Bible, Jacob rent his clothes when he heard the bad news.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rend:x3:1
# text = In the Bible, Jacob rent his clothes when he heard the bad news.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Bible	Bible	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	rent	rend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	6	obj	_	_
9	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	11	advmod	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	advcl	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rend** | past | Jacob | Jacob's clothes |  | the Bible |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent clothes=Patient |
| 2 | **hear** | past | Jacob | the bad news |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer news=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It was a heart-rending story about a lost puppy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rend:x4:1
# text = It was a heart-rending story about a lost puppy.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	rending	rend	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	amod	_	_
7	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	about	about	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	amod	_	_
11	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rend** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | past | It | a rending story |  |  |  | about a lost puppy | tree rules |
| 3 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The storm threatened to rend the sails.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rend:x5:1
# text = The storm threatened to rend the sails.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	threatened	threaten	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	rend	rend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	sails	sail	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **threaten** | participle |  | the storm *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **rend** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | the sails |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sail=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The war rent the country apart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rend:x6:1
# text = The war rent the country apart.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rent	rend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	apart	apart	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rend** | past | the war | the country |  |  |  | apart *property* | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent country=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Wringing his hands and rending his beard, he exclaimed:

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rend:x7:1
# text = Wringing his hands and rending his beard, he exclaimed:
1	Wringing	wring	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	advcl	_	_
2	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	rending	rend	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	beard	beard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
9	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	exclaimed	exclaim	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wring** | gerund | he *not said here* | his hands |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **rend** | gerund | he *not said here* | his beard |  |  |  |  | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent beard=Patient |
| 3 | **exclaim** *speech: express* | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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