---
title: render — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «render» in the school dictionary: To cause someone or something to be in a certain state. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# render

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, fall, news, computer, builders, dialect · **What happens:** cause, be, give, show, perform, translate · **To what, where:** someone, certain state, help, something, certain way, picture

<!-- .vabout -->
«render» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [render in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/render.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cause someone or something to be in a certain state.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:m1:1
# text = To cause someone or something to be in a certain state.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cause	cause	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
7	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	state	state	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition someone=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a certain state |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"rendered helpless".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:m1e:1
# text = "rendered helpless".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	rendered	render	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	helpless	helpless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** *in a quote* | past |  |  |  |  |  | helpless *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To give help or a service.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:m2:1
# text = To give help or a service.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	give	give	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	service	service	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | to-infinitive |  | help or a service |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent help=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To show, perform or translate something in a certain way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:m3:1
# text = To show, perform or translate something in a certain way.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	show	show	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	perform	perform	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	translate	translate	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	certain	certain	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **perform** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn performance-26.7 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **translate** | infinitive | you *not said here* | something |  | a certain way |  |  | vn turn-26.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: computers — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To make a picture or video by computer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:m4:1
# text = To make a picture or video by computer.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | to-infinitive |  | a picture or video |  |  |  | by computer | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset picture=Product |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: building — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To cover a wall with a layer of plaster or cement.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:m5:1
# text = To cover a wall with a layer of plaster or cement.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	cover	cover	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	plaster	plaster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	cement	cement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cover** | to-infinitive |  | a wall |  |  |  | with a layer of plaster or cement | vn fill-9.8-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent wall=Destination with layer=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The fall rendered him unable to walk.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:x1:1
# text = The fall rendered him unable to walk.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	fall	fall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rendered	render	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	unable	unable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	walk	walk	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | past | the fall | him *= he* |  |  |  | unable *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **walk** | to-infinitive | the fall *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The news rendered her speechless.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:x2:1
# text = The news rendered her speechless.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rendered	render	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	speechless	speechless	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | past | the news |  |  |  |  | speechless *property* | vn give-13.1 «NP V PP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The computer took an hour to render the animation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:x3:1
# text = The computer took an hour to render the animation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	computer	computer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	hour	hour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	render	render	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	animation	animation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | the computer |  |  |  | hour |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **render** | to-infinitive | the computer *not said here* | the animation |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animation=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The builders rendered the outside walls.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:x4:1
# text = The builders rendered the outside walls.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	builders	builder	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rendered	render	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	outside	outside	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | past | the builders | the outside walls |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wall=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thank you for the help you rendered.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:x5:1
# text = Thank you for the help you rendered.
1	Thank	thank	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	help	help	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	rendered	render	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **thank** *speech: thank* | present |  |  | you |  |  | for the help | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent you=Theme for help=Attribute |
| 2 | **render** | past | you | the help *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent help=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poem was rendered into English.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:x6:1
# text = The poem was rendered into English.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poem	poem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	rendered	render	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	English	English	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | past · passive |  | the poem |  | English |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Its dialect renders it somewhat difficult to read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:render:x7:1
# text = Its dialect renders it somewhat difficult to read.
1	Its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	dialect	dialect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	renders	render	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	somewhat	somewhat	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	difficult	difficult	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	advcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **render** | present | Its dialect | it |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | Its dialect *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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