---
title: repair — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «repair» in the school dictionary: To repair is to fix something that is broken or damaged. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# repair

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** repair, good repair, He, Workers, much road, Dad · **What happens:** repair, be, break, damage, fix, mean · **To what, where:** work, place, formal way, 4 bikes, 25 dollars, 300 m · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«repair» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [repair in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/repair.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To repair is to fix something that is broken or damaged.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:m1:1
# text = To repair is to fix something that is broken or damaged.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	repair	repair	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	fix	fix	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	damaged	damage	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repair** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | fix *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **break** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 4 | **damage** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A repair is the work of fixing, or the place that was fixed.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:m2:1
# text = A repair is the work of fixing, or the place that was fixed.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	repair	repair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	fixing	fixing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	fixed	fix	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a repair | the work or the place |  |  |  | of fixing | tree rules |
| 2 | **fix** | past · passive |  | the place |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: subject=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«In good repair» means in good condition.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:m3:1
# text = «In good repair» means in good condition.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	In	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	repair	repair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	condition	condition	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | good repair |  |  |  |  | in good condition | vn representation-110.1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Pivot in condition=Attribute |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To repair to a place means to go there, especially in a formal way.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:m4:1
# text = To repair to a place means to go there, especially in a formal way.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	repair	repair	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	csubj	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
9	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
11	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repair** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to a place | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a formal way; there |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in way=Location |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He repairs 4 bikes a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:x1:1
# text = He repairs 4 bikes a day.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	repairs	repair	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	bikes	bike	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repair** | present | He | 4 bikes |  |  | day |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent bike=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The repair costs 25 dollars.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:x2:1
# text = The repair costs 25 dollars.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	repair	repair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	costs	cost	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	25	25	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	dollars	dollar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cost** | present | the repair | 25 dollars |  |  |  |  | vn cost-54.2 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Theme dollar=Value |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Workers repaired 300 m of road.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:x3:1
# text = Workers repaired 300 m of road.
1	Workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	repaired	repair	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	m	m	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repair** | past | Workers | 300 m of road |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent m=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How much road is left to repair?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:x4:1
# text = How much road is left to repair?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	repair	repair	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | present · passive |  | much road |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **repair** | to-infinitive | much road *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Dad repaired the puncture in my tyre.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:x5:1
# text = Dad repaired the puncture in my tyre.
1	Dad	dad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	repaired	repair	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	puncture	puncture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	tyre	tyre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repair** | past | Dad | the puncture |  | my tyre |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent puncture=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The road is closed for repairs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:x6:1
# text = The road is closed for repairs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	road	road	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	repairs	repair	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | present · passive |  | the road |  |  |  | for repairs | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My old teddy was beyond repair.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:x7:1
# text = My old teddy was beyond repair.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	teddy	teddy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
5	beyond	beyond	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	repair	repair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | My old teddy | beyond repair |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Repairing things instead of buying new ones saves money and waste.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:x8:1
# text = Repairing things instead of buying new ones saves money and waste.
1	Repairing	repair	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	csubj	_	_
2	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	5	mark	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	fixed	_	_
5	buying	buy	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	advcl	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	saves	save	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repair** | gerund |  | things |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent thing=Patient |
| 2 | **buy** | gerund |  | new ones |  |  |  |  | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme |
| 3 | **save** | present | Repairing | money and waste |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent money=Theme |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Polynices now repaired to Argos, where he arrived in the dead of night.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repair:x9:1
# text = Polynices now repaired to Argos, where he arrived in the dead of night.
1	Polynices	polynice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
3	repaired	repair	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Argos	Argos	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl:agent	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	9	advmod	_	_
8	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	arrived	arrive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repair** | participle · passive | Argos | Polynices |  |  | now |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent subject=Patient |
| 2 | **arrive** | past | Argos |  |  | the dead |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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