---
title: reparation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reparation» in the school dictionary: Doing something or paying something to make up for a wrong or damage you caused. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reparation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Money, Christians, He, country, Saying · **What happens:** do, pay, make up, damage, cause, help · **To what, where:** something, those, reparation, amends, lawn, window · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«reparation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reparation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reparation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doing something or paying something to make up for a wrong or damage you caused.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reparation:m1:1
# text = Doing something or paying something to make up for a wrong or damage you caused.
1	Doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	paying	pay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	RP	_	7	compound:prt	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	damage	damage	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 2 | **pay** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Asset |
| 3 | **make up** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | for a wrong | vn comprise-107.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **damage** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **cause** | past | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: law, history — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Money a country or company must pay after a war or a wrong to help those who were harmed: «war reparations».

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reparation:m2:1
# text = Money a country or company must pay after a war or a wrong to help those who were harmed: «war reparations».
1	Money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	nmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	conj	_	_
6	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	conj	_	_
14	to	to	PART	TO	_	15	mark	_	_
15	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	13	advcl	_	_
16	those	that	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	15	obj	_	_
17	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj	_	_
18	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
19	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
21	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	reparations	reparation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	23	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | must | Money  a country or company |  |  |  | after a war |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **help** | to-infinitive | Money  a country or company *not said here* | those |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent that=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **harm** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: church — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Christians speak of making reparation for sin: making amends after confession.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reparation:m3:1
# text = Christians speak of making reparation for sin: making amends after confession.
1	Christians	Christian	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	speak	speak	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	reparation	reparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
9	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
10	amends	amend	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	after	after	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	confession	confession	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present | Christians |  |  |  |  |  | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **make** | gerund | Christians *not said here* | reparation |  |  |  | for sin | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent reparation=Product for sin=Asset |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | Christians *not said here* | amends |  |  | after confession |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset amend=Product |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He made reparation by mowing the lawn of the neighbour whose window he broke.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reparation:x1:1
# text = He made reparation by mowing the lawn of the neighbour whose window he broke.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	reparation	reparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	mowing	mow	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lawn	lawn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	window	window	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	broke	break	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | He | reparation |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reparation=Product |
| 2 | **mow** | gerund | He *not said here* | the lawn of the neighbour  the neighbour  window's window |  |  |  |  | vn carve-21.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lawn=Patient |
| 3 | **break** | past | he | the neighbour  the neighbour  window's window's window *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer window=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After the war the country had to pay reparations.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reparation:x2:1
# text = After the war the country had to pay reparations.
1	After	after	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	reparations	reparation	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the country |  |  |  | after the war |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pay** | to-infinitive | the country *not said here* | reparations |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reparation=Asset |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saying sorry is a start, but reparation means fixing it too.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reparation:x3:1
# text = Saying sorry is a start, but reparation means fixing it too.
1	Saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	csubj	_	_
2	sorry	sorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	reparation	reparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
10	fixing	fix	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	xcomp	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	_
12	too	too	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | sorry |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sorry=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Saying | a start |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **mean** | present | reparation | a start *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **fix** *not said to happen* | gerund | reparation *not said here* | reparation |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company paid reparation to the families who were harmed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reparation:x4:1
# text = The company paid reparation to the families who were harmed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	paid	pay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	reparation	reparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	families	family	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	10	nsubj	_	_
9	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pay** | past | the company | reparation |  |  |  | to the families | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reparation=Asset |
| 2 | **harm** | past · passive |  | the families |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In the story the thief returned the gold as reparation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reparation:x5:1
# text = In the story the thief returned the gold as reparation.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	reparation	reparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | the thief | the gold |  | the story |  | as reparation | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gold=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making reparation can help heal friendships.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reparation:x6:1
# text = Making reparation can help heal friendships.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	reparation	reparation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	help	help	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	heal	heal	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
6	friendships	friendship	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | reparation |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset reparation=Product |
| 2 | **help** | can | Making |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **heal** | infinitive | Making *not said here* | friendships |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent friendship=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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