---
title: repellent — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «repellent» in the school dictionary: A repellent is a spray, cream or other thing that keeps animals or insects away, such as insect repellent against mosquitoes. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# repellent

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** repellent, other thing, repellent material, you, we, lemons · **What happens:** be, keep, make, soak in, mean, put · **To what, where:** spray, animals, water roll, insect repellent, woods, water repellent

<!-- .vabout -->
«repellent» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [repellent in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/repellent.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A repellent is a spray, cream or other thing that keeps animals or insects away, such as insect repellent against mosquitoes.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repellent:m1:1
# text = A repellent is a spray, cream or other thing that keeps animals or insects away, such as insect repellent against mosquitoes.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	repellent	repellent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	spray	spray	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	12	nsubj	_	_
12	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	_
13	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	insects	insect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	conj	_	_
16	away	away	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	21	case	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	_
21	repellent	repellent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
22	against	against	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	mosquitoes	mosquito	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a repellent | a spray and cream or other thing and insect repellent against mosquitoes |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | present | other thing | animals or insects |  |  |  | away *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent animal=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A water-repellent material makes water roll off it instead of soaking in.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repellent:m2:1
# text = A water-repellent material makes water roll off it instead of soaking in.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
2	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	repellent	repellent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	material	material	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	roll	roll	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	off	off	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obl	_	_
11	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	13	mark	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	soaking	soak	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
14	in	in	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | a repellent material | water roll |  |  |  | off roll | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset roll=Product |
| 2 | **soak in** | gerund | a repellent material *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As an adjective, repellent means very unpleasant or disgusting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repellent:m3:1
# text = As an adjective, repellent means very unpleasant or disgusting.
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	repellent	repellent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	very	very	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	unpleasant	unpleasant	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	xcomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	disgusting	disgusting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | repellent |  |  |  |  | as a adjective; unpleasant *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent as adjective=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Put on insect repellent before we go into the woods.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repellent:x1:1
# text = Put on insect repellent before we go into the woods.
1	Put	put	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	on	on	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	insect	insect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	repellent	repellent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
5	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	woods	wood	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | insect repellent |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent on repellent=Destination |
| 2 | **go** | present | we |  |  | the woods |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into wood=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mosquito repellent smells of lemons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repellent:x2:1
# text = The mosquito repellent smells of lemons.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
2	mosquito	mosquito	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	repellent	repellent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	smells	smell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	lemons	lemon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smell** |  | lemons |  |  |  |  |  | nom smell «cognition intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My raincoat is water-repellent, so the drops roll off.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repellent:x3:1
# text = My raincoat is water-repellent, so the drops roll off.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	raincoat	raincoat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	repellent	repellent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	drops	drop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
11	roll	roll	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	off	off	ADP	RP	_	11	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My raincoat | water repellent |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **roll off** | present | the drops | water repellent *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent repellent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ducks' feathers are water-repellent because of a special oil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repellent:x4:1
# text = Ducks' feathers are water-repellent because of a special oil.
1	Ducks	duck	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	'	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	feathers	feather	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	repellent	repellent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	fixed	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	special	special	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	oil	oil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Ducks's feathers | water repellent |  |  |  | because a special oil | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Do not spray repellent near your eyes or on cuts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repellent:x5:1
# text = Do not spray repellent near your eyes or on cuts.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
2	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	spray	spray	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	repellent	repellent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	near	near	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	cuts	cut	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **spray** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | repellent |  | your eyes or cuts |  |  | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent repellent=Theme near eye=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The rotten fish had a repellent smell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repellent:x6:1
# text = The rotten fish had a repellent smell.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rotten	rotten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	fish	fish	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	repellent	repellent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	smell	smell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the rotten fish | a repellent smell |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent smell=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Some gardeners use a repellent to keep slugs off the lettuce.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repellent:x7:1
# text = Some gardeners use a repellent to keep slugs off the lettuce.
1	Some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	2	det	_	_
2	gardeners	gardener	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	repellent	repellent	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	slugs	slug	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obj	_	_
9	off	off	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	lettuce	lettuce	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | some gardeners | a repellent |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent repellent=Patient |
| 2 | **keep** | to-infinitive | some gardeners *not said here* | slugs |  |  |  | off the lettuce | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent slug=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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