---
title: replication — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «replication» in the school dictionary: Making an exact copy of something. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# replication

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, way cells, viruses, We, Replication, scientists · **What happens:** make, copy, do, see, get, be · **To what, where:** exact copy, something, experiment, same result, DNA, copies · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«replication» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [replication in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/replication.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making an exact copy of something.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:replication:m1:1
# text = Making an exact copy of something.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
3	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | a exact copy of something |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset copy=Product |
| 2 | **copy** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doing an experiment again to see whether you get the same result.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:replication:m2:1
# text = Doing an experiment again to see whether you get the same result.
1	Doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	again	again	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
7	whether	whether	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
9	get	get	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	same	same	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund |  | a experiment |  |  | again |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent experiment=Eventuality |
| 2 | **see** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **get** | present | you | the same result |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer result=Stimulus |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: biology — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The way cells copy their DNA or viruses make copies of themselves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:replication:m3:1
# text = The way cells copy their DNA or viruses make copies of themselves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	copy	copy	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	DNA	DNA	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
8	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
10	copies	copy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** | present | way cells | cells's DNA |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dna=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | present | viruses | copies of cells |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset copy=Product |
| 3 | **copy** |  |  | cells *= cell* |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We did three replications of the experiment to be sure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:replication:x1:1
# text = We did three replications of the experiment to be sure.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	4	nummod	_	_
4	replications	replication	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	experiment	experiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
9	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	cop	_	_
10	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | We | three replications of the experiment |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent replication=Eventuality |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sure *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **replicate** |  |  | the experiment |  |  |  |  | nom replication «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Replication helps scientists check that results are not a fluke.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:replication:x2:1
# text = Replication helps scientists check that results are not a fluke.
1	Replication	replication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	check	check	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
6	results	result	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fluke	fluke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Replication | scientists |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent scientist=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **check** | infinitive | scientists *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **not** **is a** | present | results | a fluke |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Before a cell divides, DNA replication makes a copy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:replication:x3:1
# text = Before a cell divides, DNA replication makes a copy.
1	Before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	cell	cell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	divides	divide	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	DNA	DNA	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	replication	replication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
8	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **divide** | present | a cell |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | present | DNA replication | a copy |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset copy=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum's dinosaur is a replication, not a real fossil.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:replication:x4:1
# text = The museum's dinosaur is a replication, not a real fossil.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	dinosaur	dinosaur	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	replication	replication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	fossil	fossil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the museum's dinosaur | a replication and a real fossil |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Viruses spread by replication inside cells.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:replication:x5:1
# text = Viruses spread by replication inside cells.
1	Viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	replication	replication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	inside	inside	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Viruses |  |  | cells |  | by replication | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme by replication=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Without replication, one strange result is not enough.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:replication:x6:1
# text = Without replication, one strange result is not enough.
1	Without	without	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	replication	replication	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	6	nummod	_	_
5	strange	strange	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	result	result	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	enough	enough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is** | present | one strange result |  |  |  |  | without replication; enough *property* | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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