---
title: reproach — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reproach» in the school dictionary: verb To tell someone, gently or sadly, that you are disappointed in what they did. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reproach

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** verb, you, they, one, Mum, I · **What happens:** tell, be, do, look, show, criticise · **To what, where:** someone, disappointment, reproach, look, me, yourself · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«reproach» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reproach in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reproach.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
verb To tell someone, gently or sadly, that you are disappointed in what they did.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproach:m1:1
# text = verb To tell someone, gently or sadly, that you are disappointed in what they did.
1	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	To	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	gently	gently	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	sadly	sadly	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	disappointed	disappointed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	13	obl	_	_
16	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive | verb |  | someone |  |  | gently *property* | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent someone=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | disappointed *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | past | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
noun Words or looks showing disappointment or blame.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproach:m2:1
# text = noun Words or looks showing disappointment or blame.
1	noun	noun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	Words	word	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	looks	look	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
5	showing	show	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	disappointment	disappointment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	blame	blame	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **show** | gerund |  | disappointment or blame |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent disappointment=Recipient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
beyond reproach So good that no one can criticise it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproach:m3:1
# text = beyond reproach So good that no one can criticise it.
1	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
3	So	so	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	7	det	_	_
7	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	criticise	criticise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **criticise** | can | no one | reproach |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum gave me a look of reproach when I came home muddy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproach:x1:1
# text = Mum gave me a look of reproach when I came home muddy.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	iobj	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	_
11	home	home	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	muddy	muddy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | Mum | a look of reproach | me |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent i=Recipient look=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | I |  |  |  |  | home, muddy *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't reproach yourself, it wasn't your fault.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproach:x2:1
# text = Don't reproach yourself, it wasn't your fault.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	reproach	reproach	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	fault	fault	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **reproach** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | yourself |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent yourself=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **is a** | past | it | your fault |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher reproached him for being unkind.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproach:x3:1
# text = The teacher reproached him for being unkind.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reproached	reproach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	cop	_	_
7	unkind	unkind	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reproach** | past | the teacher | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | unkind *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her honesty is beyond reproach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproach:x4:1
# text = Her honesty is beyond reproach.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	honesty	honesty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	beyond	beyond	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Her honesty |  |  |  |  | beyond reproach | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His silence was full of reproach.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproach:x5:1
# text = His silence was full of reproach.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	silence	silence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | His silence |  |  |  |  | of reproach; full *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **silence** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom silence «state transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog looked at me with reproach when I ate its biscuit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproach:x6:1
# text = The dog looked at me with reproach when I ate its biscuit.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	looked	look	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	reproach	reproach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
8	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
11	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	biscuit	biscuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  | at me; with reproach | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at i=Theme |
| 2 | **eat** | past | I | dog's biscuit |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biscuit=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When too late, he thus reproached himself: “Woe is me!

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproach:x7:1
# text = When too late, he thus reproached himself: “Woe is me!
1	When	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	too	too	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	late	late	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
6	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	reproached	reproach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	“	"	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	Woe	woe	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reproach** | past | he | himself *= he* |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** *in a quote* | present | Woe | me |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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