---
title: reproduction — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reproduction» in the school dictionary: The way living things make new young of their own kind, such as animals having babies or plants making seeds. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/reproduction/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [dictionaries](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/) / [school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/) / [R](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/) / reproduction

# reproduction

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** way, animals, babies, Reproduction, Plants, Strawberry plants · **What happens:** live, make, have, copy, print, be · **To what, where:** things, new young, babies, seeds, something, copy

<!-- .vabout -->
«reproduction» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reproduction in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reproduction.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The way living things make new young of their own kind, such as animals having babies or plants making seeds.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproduction:m1:1
# text = The way living things make new young of their own kind, such as animals having babies or plants making seeds.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	young	young	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
10	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
13	such	such	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|ExtPos=ADP	15	case	_	_
14	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	fixed	_	_
15	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nmod	_	_
16	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	acl	_	_
17	babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	obj	_	_
18	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	conj	_	_
20	making	make	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
21	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | gerund | the way *not said here* | things |  |  |  |  | vn lodge-46 «NP V ADV»: agent=Theme thing=Location |
| 2 | **make** | present | the way | new young of young's own kind such animals |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset young=Product |
| 3 | **have** | gerund | animals *not said here* | babies or plants |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent baby=Patient |
| 4 | **make** | gerund | babies or plants *not said here* | seeds |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset seed=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A copy of something, especially a painting or piece of old furniture.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproduction:m2:1
# text = A copy of something, especially a painting or piece of old furniture.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	furniture	furniture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **copy** |  |  | something |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Making a copy of sound or pictures, like a printed photo.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproduction:m3:1
# text = Making a copy of sound or pictures, like a printed photo.
1	Making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	copy	copy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	pictures	picture	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	printed	print	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	photo	photo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | gerund |  | a copy of sound or pictures |  |  |  | like a printed photo | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset copy=Product |
| 2 | **print** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **copy** |  |  | sound or pictures |  |  |  |  | nom copy «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reproduction is one of the life processes of all living things.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproduction:x1:1
# text = Reproduction is one of the life processes of all living things.
1	Reproduction	reproduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	processes	process	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
10	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	11	amod	_	_
11	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Reproduction | one |  |  |  | of the life processes of all living things | tree rules |
| 2 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **process** |  |  | all living things |  |  |  |  | nom process «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants use seeds for reproduction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproduction:x2:1
# text = Plants use seeds for reproduction.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	seeds	seed	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Plants | seeds |  |  |  | for reproduction | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent seed=Theme for reproduction=Eventuality |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Strawberry plants also use runners for reproduction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproduction:x3:1
# text = Strawberry plants also use runners for reproduction.
1	Strawberry	strawberry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	use	use	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	runners	runner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | present | Strawberry plants | runners |  |  |  | for reproduction | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP PP.predicate»: agent=Agent runner=Theme for reproduction=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Frogs lay eggs as part of reproduction.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproduction:x4:1
# text = Frogs lay eggs as part of reproduction.
1	Frogs	frog	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	lay	lay	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	part	part	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lay** | present | Frogs | eggs |  |  |  | as part of reproduction | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Agent egg=Result as part=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The poster is a reproduction of a famous painting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproduction:x5:1
# text = The poster is a reproduction of a famous painting.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	poster	poster	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	famous	famous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	painting	painting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the poster | a reproduction |  |  |  | of a famous painting | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This chair is a reproduction, not a real antique.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reproduction:x6:1
# text = This chair is a reproduction, not a real antique.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	chair	chair	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	reproduction	reproduction	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	real	real	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	antique	antique	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | this chair | a reproduction and a real antique |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [reproduce](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/reproduce/)
- next →: [reproductive](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/reproductive/)
- ↑ back to [R in school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/dictionaries/school/R/)