---
title: repudiate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «repudiate» in the school dictionary: To refuse to accept or support something; to say firmly that it is wrong or not true. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# repudiate

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, you, minister, She, country, treaty · **What happens:** refuse, not accept, support, say, be, not be · **To what, where:** something, agreement, debt, nothing, rumours, claim · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«repudiate» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [repudiate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/repudiate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refuse to accept or support something; to say firmly that it is wrong or not true.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repudiate:m1:1
# text = To refuse to accept or support something; to say firmly that it is wrong or not true.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	accept	accept	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	support	support	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	firmly	firmly	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	wrong	wrong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	advcl	_	_
16	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
17	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	18	advmod	_	_
18	true	true	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **accept** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **support** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer something=Stimulus |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | firmly *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | it |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **not** **be** |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To refuse to keep an agreement or pay a debt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repudiate:m2:1
# text = To refuse to keep an agreement or pay a debt.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	agreement	agreement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	pay	pay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	debt	debt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **refuse** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **keep** | to-infinitive |  | a agreement |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent agreement=Theme |
| 3 | **pay** | infinitive |  | a debt |  |  |  |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent debt=Asset |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: old — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To say you will have nothing more to do with someone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repudiate:m3:1
# text = To say you will have nothing more to do with someone.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	say	say	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	ccomp	_	_
6	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	5	obj	_	_
7	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	6	amod	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	acl	_	_
10	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **have** | future | you | nothing |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient |
| 3 | **do** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | nothing *not said here* |  |  |  | with someone | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The minister repudiated the rumours.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repudiate:x1:1
# text = The minister repudiated the rumours.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	minister	minister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	repudiated	repudiate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rumours	rumour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repudiate** | past | the minister | the rumours |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rumour=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She repudiated the claim that she had cheated.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repudiate:x2:1
# text = She repudiated the claim that she had cheated.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	repudiated	repudiate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	claim	claim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
6	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	cheated	cheat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repudiate** | past | She | the claim |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Theme |
| 2 | **cheat** | past · perfect | she | the claim *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn cheat-10.6.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent claim=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country repudiated the treaty and war began.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repudiate:x3:1
# text = The country repudiated the treaty and war began.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	repudiated	repudiate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	treaty	treaty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
8	began	begin	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repudiate** | past | the country |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **begin** | past | the treaty and war |  |  |  |  |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The company repudiated the deal at the last minute.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repudiate:x4:1
# text = The company repudiated the deal at the last minute.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	repudiated	repudiate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	deal	deal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repudiate** | past | the company | the deal |  |  |  | at the last minute | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent deal=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The scientist repudiated his old theory when new evidence appeared.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repudiate:x5:1
# text = The scientist repudiated his old theory when new evidence appeared.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	scientist	scientist	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	repudiated	repudiate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	theory	theory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	10	mark	_	_
8	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	evidence	evidence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	appeared	appear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repudiate** | past | the scientist | scientist's old theory |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent theory=Theme |
| 2 | **appear** | past | new evidence |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He repudiated any link with the gang.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:repudiate:x6:1
# text = He repudiated any link with the gang.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	repudiated	repudiate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	det	_	_
4	link	link	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	gang	gang	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **repudiate** | past | He | any link |  |  |  | with the gang | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent link=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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