---
title: require — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «require» in the school dictionary: To require is to need. A cake requires eggs. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# require

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** cake, shirt, trip, plant, living things, game · **What happens:** require, be, do, wear, live · **To what, where:** eggs, something, Pupils, uniform, 3 buttons, many eggs · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«require» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 9 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [require in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/require.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To require is to need. A cake requires eggs.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 1:* To require is to need.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:require:m1:1
# text = To require is to need.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	require	require	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	need	need	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | need *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

<!-- .note -->
*Sentence 2:* A cake requires eggs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:require:m1:2
# text = A cake requires eggs.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cake	cake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | a cake | eggs |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme egg=Precondition |

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To require is to make someone do something because of a rule: «Pupils are required to wear a uniform».

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:require:m2:1
# text = To require is to make someone do something because of a rule: «Pupils are required to wear a uniform».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	require	require	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obj	_	_
7	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
8	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	obj	_	_
9	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	12	case	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	Pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	parataxis	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	wear	wear	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	uniform	uniform	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | make *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | because a rule | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 4 | **require** *in a quote* | present · passive |  | Pupils |  |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 5 | **wear** *in a quote* | to-infinitive |  | a uniform |  |  |  |  | vn wipe\_manner-10.4.1-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent uniform=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Each shirt requires 3 buttons.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:require:x1:1
# text = Each shirt requires 3 buttons.
1	Each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	shirt	shirt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	3	3	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	buttons	button	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | each shirt | 3 buttons |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme button=Precondition |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The trip requires 4 hours of driving.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:require:x2:1
# text = The trip requires 4 hours of driving.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	4	4	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	hours	hour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	driving	driving	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | the trip |  |  |  | hour |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How many eggs are required for 5 cakes?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:require:x3:1
# text = How many eggs are required for 5 cakes?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	eggs	egg	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	5	5	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	cakes	cake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive |  | many eggs |  |  |  | for 5 cakes | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A plant requires 2 liters of water a week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:require:x4:1
# text = A plant requires 2 liters of water a week.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	plant	plant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	2	2	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	liters	liter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | a plant | 2 liters of water |  |  | week |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme liter=Precondition |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Helmets are required at the skate park.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:require:x5:1
# text = Helmets are required at the skate park.
1	Helmets	helmet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	skate	skate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	park	park	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive |  | Helmets |  | the skate park |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
All living things require water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:require:x6:1
# text = All living things require water.
1	All	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	3	det	_	_
2	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	require	require	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **require** | present | all living things | water |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme water=Precondition |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The game requires two players.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:require:x7:1
# text = The game requires two players.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	requires	require	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present | the game | two players |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme player=Precondition |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Pupils are required to be on time.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:require:x8:1
# text = Pupils are required to be on time.
1	Pupils	pupil	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	required	require	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
5	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	cop	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · passive |  | Pupils |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Precondition |
| 2 | **is** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | on time |  | tree rules |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
What do you require from me?”

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:require:x9:1
# text = What do you require from me?”
1	What	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	4	obj	_	_
2	do	do	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	require	require	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	”	"	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **require** | present · do-support | you |  |  |  |  | from me | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Theme what=Precondition from i=Source |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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