---
title: reserves — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reserves» in the school dictionary: Reserves are supplies kept for later or for an emergency, like food reserves or money reserves. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reserves

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Reserves, extra players, soldiers, she, Bears, I · **What happens:** be, keep, wait, come, need, protect · **To what, where:** supplies, extra players, substitutes, soldiers, nature reserve, verb · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«reserves» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reserves in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reserves.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reserves are supplies kept for later or for an emergency, like food reserves or money reserves.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reserves:m1:1
# text = Reserves are supplies kept for later or for an emergency, like food reserves or money reserves.
1	Reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	supplies	supplies	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	0	root	_	_
4	kept	keep	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	later	late	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	10	advmod	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	emergency	emergency	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	like	like	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	compound	_	_
14	reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	money	money	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	compound	_	_
17	reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Reserves | supplies and food reserves or money reserves |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | participle |  | supplies and food reserves or money reserves *not said here* |  |  |  | for a emergency | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reserves are extra players who wait to come on if needed (substitutes).

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reserves:m2:1
# text = Reserves are extra players who wait to come on if needed (substitutes).
1	Reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	players	player	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	wait	wait	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
9	on	on	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	needed	need	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	advcl	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	substitutes	substitute	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Reserves | extra players |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **wait** | present | extra players |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | to-infinitive | extra players *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **need** *a condition, not said to happen* | participle | extra players *not said here* | substitutes |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot substitute=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reserves are also soldiers kept ready but not usually in action.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reserves:m3:1
# text = Reserves are also soldiers kept ready but not usually in action.
1	Reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	also	also	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
9	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Reserves | soldiers |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **keep** | past | soldiers |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A nature reserve is protected land for wild animals and plants.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reserves:m4:1
# text = A nature reserve is protected land for wild animals and plants.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	reserve	reserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	protected	protect	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	wild	wild	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	animals	animal	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **protect** | present · passive |  | a nature reserve |  |  |  | for wild animals and plants | tree rules |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
«Reserves» is also the verb: «she reserves a table» means she books it.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reserves:m5:1
# text = «Reserves» is also the verb: «she reserves a table» means she books it.
1	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	also	also	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
9	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	reserves	reserve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	csubj	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	11	punct	_	_
15	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	parataxis	_	_
16	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	15	obj	_	_
17	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod:unmarked	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Reserves | the verb |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reserve** *in a quote* | present | she | a table |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent table=Theme |
| 3 | **mean** | present |  | she |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent she=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Bears build up fat reserves before they hibernate.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reserves:x1:1
# text = Bears build up fat reserves before they hibernate.
1	Bears	bear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	build	build	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	up	up	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	fat	fat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	hibernate	hibernate	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **build up** | present | Bears | fat reserves |  |  |  |  | vn caused\_calibratable\_cos-45.6.2-1 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Causer reserve=Patient |
| 2 | **hibernate** | present | Bears *= bear* |  |  |  |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP.location V NP»: agent=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I was one of the reserves, so I came on in the second half.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reserves:x2:1
# text = I was one of the reserves, so I came on in the second half.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	so	so	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
9	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	10	nsubj	_	_
10	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
11	on	on	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	second	second	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	15	amod	_	_
15	half	half	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing|NumForm=Word|NumType=Frac	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | I | one |  |  |  | of the reserves | tree rules |
| 2 | **come on** | past | I |  |  | the second half |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in half=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country has large reserves of coal.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reserves:x3:1
# text = The country has large reserves of coal.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	coal	coal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the country | large reserves of coal |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reserve=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We visited two nature reserves on holiday.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reserves:x4:1
# text = We visited two nature reserves on holiday.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	visited	visit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
4	nature	nature	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	compound	_	_
5	reserves	reserve	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	holiday	holiday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **visit** | past | We | two nature reserves |  | holiday |  |  | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reserve=Co-Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Keep some water in reserve for the walk home.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reserves:x5:1
# text = Keep some water in reserve for the walk home.
1	Keep	keep	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	3	det	_	_
3	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	reserve	reserve	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	walk	walk	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	home	home	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | imperative | you *not said here* | some water |  | reserve |  | for the walk; home *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent water=Theme in reserve=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Mum always reserves a table at the restaurant.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reserves:x6:1
# text = Mum always reserves a table at the restaurant.
1	Mum	mum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	always	always	ADV	RB	PronType=Tot	3	advmod	_	_
3	reserves	reserve	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	table	table	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	restaurant	restaurant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reserve** | present | Mum | a table |  | the restaurant |  | always *property* | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP PP.source NP.asset»: agent=Agent table=Theme at restaurant=Asset |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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