---
title: resignation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «resignation» in the school dictionary: A resignation is when someone officially leaves their job by choice. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# resignation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** resignation, someone, their, announcement, you, football manager · **What happens:** be, leave, job, say, accept, not change · **To what, where:** job, letter, something, sigh, resignation, football manager · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«resignation» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [resignation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/resignation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A resignation is when someone officially leaves their job by choice.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resignation:m1:1
# text = A resignation is when someone officially leaves their job by choice.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	7	nsubj	_	_
6	officially	officially	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	leaves	leave	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
8	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	by	by	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	choice	choice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **be** | present | a resignation |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **leave** | present | someone | their job |  |  |  | by choice; officially *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent job=Theme by choice=Location |
| 3 | **job** |  | their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom job «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A resignation is also the letter or announcement saying that you are leaving a job.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resignation:m2:1
# text = A resignation is also the letter or announcement saying that you are leaving a job.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	also	also	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	announcement	announcement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
9	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	acl	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	ccomp	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a resignation | the letter or announcement |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | announcement *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **leave** | present · progressive | you | a job |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent job=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Resignation is calmly accepting something bad that you cannot change, as in "a sigh of resignation".

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resignation:m3:1
# text = Resignation is calmly accepting something bad that you cannot change, as in "a sigh of resignation".
1	Resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	calmly	calmly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	accepting	accept	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
9	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
13	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	sigh	sigh	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accept** | present · progressive | Resignation | something |  |  |  | calmly *property* | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **not** **change** | can | you | a sigh of resignation |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sigh=Patient |
| 3 | **sigh** *in a quote* |  |  | resignation |  |  |  |  | nom sigh «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The football manager handed in his resignation after the team lost again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resignation:x1:1
# text = The football manager handed in his resignation after the team lost again.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	football	football	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	manager	manager	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
4	handed	hand	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	after	after	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	team	team	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:agent	_	_
11	lost	lose	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
12	again	again	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hand** | participle |  | the football manager *not said here* |  | manager's resignation |  |  | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lose** | past | the football manager |  |  |  | again |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **resign** |  | manager |  |  |  |  |  | nom resignation «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She wrote a letter of resignation to her boss.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resignation:x2:1
# text = She wrote a letter of resignation to her boss.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	boss	boss	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past | She | a letter of resignation | her boss |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Topic to boss=Recipient |
| 2 | **letter** |  |  | resignation |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
People called for the minister's resignation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resignation:x3:1
# text = People called for the minister's resignation.
1	People	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
2	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	1	acl	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	minister	minister	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	's	's	PART	POS	_	5	case	_	_
7	resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **call** | participle |  | People *not said here* |  |  |  | for the minister's resignation | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V PP.recipient S\_INF»: agent=Agent for resignation=Recipient |
| 2 | **resign** |  | the minister |  |  |  |  |  | nom resignation «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Fine, I'll do my homework," he said with resignation.

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resignation:x4:1
# text = "Fine, I'll do my homework," he said with resignation.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Fine	fine	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	csubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	'll	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	do	do	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	ccomp	_	_
7	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	homework	homework	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
11	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
13	with	with	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** *in a quote* | future | I | my homework |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent homework=Eventuality |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | he |  |  |  |  | with resignation | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The head teacher's resignation surprised everyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resignation:x5:1
# text = The head teacher's resignation surprised everyone.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	's	's	PART	POS	_	3	case	_	_
5	resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	surprised	surprise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	6	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **surprise** | past | the head teacher's resignation | everyone |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus everyone=Experiencer |
| 2 | **resign** |  | the head teacher |  |  |  |  |  | nom resignation «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We accepted the rainy weather with resignation and played board games.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resignation:x6:1
# text = We accepted the rainy weather with resignation and played board games.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	accepted	accept	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	rainy	rainy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	weather	weather	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	with	with	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	played	play	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
10	board	board	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	compound	_	_
11	games	game	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **accept** | past | We | the rainy weather |  |  |  | with resignation | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weather=Theme |
| 2 | **play** | past | We *not said here* | board games |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent game=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The frown was chased away by a look of Christian resignation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resignation:x7:1
# text = The frown was chased away by a look of Christian resignation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	frown	frown	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	chased	chase	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	look	look	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	Christian	Christian	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	resignation	resignation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **chase away** | past · passive | a look of Christian resignation | the frown |  |  |  | away *property* | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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