---
title: resist — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «resist» in the school dictionary: To resist is to fight against something or refuse to accept it. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# resist

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** something, I, watch, villagers, thief, Rubber · **What happens:** resist, be, refuse, not accept, do, have · **To what, where:** it, something tempting, tempting, something, heat, science

<!-- .vabout -->
«resist» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [resist in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/resist.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To resist is to fight against something or refuse to accept it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resist:m1:1
# text = To resist is to fight against something or refuse to accept it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	resist	resist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	against	against	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	5	obl	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	refuse	refuse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
10	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
11	accept	accept	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	xcomp	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resist** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | against something; fight *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **refuse** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn reject-77.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 4 | **not** **accept** | to-infinitive |  | it |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To resist something tempting is to stop yourself from doing or having it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resist:m2:1
# text = To resist something tempting is to stop yourself from doing or having it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	resist	resist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	advcl	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	compound	_	_
4	tempting	tempting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	yourself	yourself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	7	obj	_	_
9	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	10	mark	_	_
10	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	having	have	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	conj	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resist** | to-infinitive |  | something tempting |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | stop *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **do** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **have** | gerund |  | tempting |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To resist something like water, heat or damage is not to be harmed by it.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resist:m3:1
# text = To resist something like water, heat or damage is not to be harmed by it.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	resist	resist	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	like	like	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	14	advmod	_	_
12	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
13	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	harmed	harm	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
15	by	by	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resist** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  | like water | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present · passive |  | heat or damage |  |  |  | by damage; harm *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In science, to resist means to slow down or oppose the flow of something, like electricity or movement.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resist:m4:1
# text = In science, to resist means to slow down or oppose the flow of something, like electricity or movement.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	science	science	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	resist	resist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	slow	slow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	down	down	ADP	RP	_	8	compound:prt	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	oppose	oppose	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	flow	flow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
17	like	like	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
19	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	movement	movement	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resist** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  | science |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **slow down** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive |  | the flow of something |  |  |  | like electricity or movement | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **oppose** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amalgamate-22.2-3 «NP V ADVP-Middle»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **flow** |  | something |  |  |  |  |  | nom flow «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I couldn't resist eating another biscuit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resist:x1:1
# text = I couldn't resist eating another biscuit.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	resist	resist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	xcomp	_	_
6	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	7	det	_	_
7	biscuit	biscuit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **resist** | could | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **eat** | gerund | I *not said here* | another biscuit |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent biscuit=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
This watch can resist water up to 50 metres.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resist:x2:1
# text = This watch can resist water up to 50 metres.
1	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	2	det	_	_
2	watch	watch	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	resist	resist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	4	compound:prt	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	50	50	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	9	nummod	_	_
9	metres	metre	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resist up** | can | this watch | water |  |  |  | to 50 metres | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The villagers resisted the invaders for weeks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resist:x3:1
# text = The villagers resisted the invaders for weeks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	villagers	villager	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	resisted	resist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	invaders	invader	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	weeks	week	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resist** | past | the villagers | the invaders |  |  | week |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thief tried to resist arrest.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resist:x4:1
# text = The thief tried to resist arrest.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thief	thief	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	tried	try	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	resist	resist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	arrest	arrest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **try** | past | the thief |  |  |  |  |  | vn try-61.1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **resist** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the thief *not said here* | arrest |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rubber resists the flow of electricity.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resist:x5:1
# text = Rubber resists the flow of electricity.
1	Rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	resists	resist	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	flow	flow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	electricity	electricity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resist** | present | Rubber | the flow of electricity |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **flow** |  | electricity |  |  |  |  |  | nom flow «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She resisted the urge to laugh in assembly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resist:x6:1
# text = She resisted the urge to laugh in assembly.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	resisted	resist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	urge	urge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	laugh	laugh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	acl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	assembly	assembly	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resist** | past | She | the urge |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **laugh** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* | the urge *not said here* |  |  |  | in assembly | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in assembly=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The children resisted going to bed early.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resist:x7:1
# text = The children resisted going to bed early.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	resisted	resist	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	going	go	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **resist** | past | the children |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | gerund | the children *not said here* |  |  | bed |  | early *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The offer was very tempting, and Stan could not resist it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:resist:x8:1
# text = The offer was very tempting, and Stan could not resist it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	offer	offer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	tempting	tempting	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	Stan	Stan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	could	could	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
10	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
11	resist	resist	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the offer | tempting |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **resist** | could | Stan | offer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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