---
title: respiration — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «respiration» in the school dictionary: Breathing: taking air into the lungs and letting it out. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# respiration

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** process, Respiration, Plants, rate, Artificial respiration · **What happens:** take, let out, live, use, release, give off · **To what, where:** air, lungs, oxygen, energy, carbon dioxide, living cell

<!-- .vabout -->
«respiration» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [respiration in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/respiration.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Breathing: taking air into the lungs and letting it out.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:respiration:m1:1
# text = Breathing: taking air into the lungs and letting it out.
1	Breathing	breathing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	taking	take	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
4	air	air	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	into	into	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lungs	lung	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	letting	let	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
10	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	obj	_	_
11	out	out	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | gerund |  | air |  | the lungs |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent air=Theme into lung=Destination |
| 2 | **let out** | gerund |  | air |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The process in all living cells that uses oxygen and food (glucose) to release energy, giving off carbon dioxide and water.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:respiration:m2:1
# text = The process in all living cells that uses oxygen and food (glucose) to release energy, giving off carbon dioxide and water.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	process	process	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
5	living	live	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	amod	_	_
6	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nmod	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj	_	_
8	uses	use	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
9	oxygen	oxygen	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	13	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	glucose	glucose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	13	punct	_	_
15	to	to	PART	TO	_	16	mark	_	_
16	release	release	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	advcl	_	_
17	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	16	advcl	_	_
20	off	off	ADP	RP	_	19	compound:prt	_	_
21	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	compound	_	_
22	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
24	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **live** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **use** | present | the process in all living cells | oxygen and food |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent oxygen=Patient |
| 3 | **release** | to-infinitive | the process in all living cells *not said here* | energy |  |  |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer energy=Source |
| 4 | **give off** | gerund | the process in all living cells *not said here* | carbon dioxide and water |  |  |  |  | vn substance\_emission-43.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Source dioxide=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Respiration happens in every living cell.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:respiration:x1:1
# text = Respiration happens in every living cell.
1	Respiration	respiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	happens	happen	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	6	det	_	_
5	living	living	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	cell	cell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **happen** | present | Respiration |  |  | every living cell |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme in cell=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Respiration releases energy from food.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:respiration:x2:1
# text = Respiration releases energy from food.
1	Respiration	respiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	releases	release	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	energy	energy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	food	food	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **release** | present | Respiration | energy |  | food |  |  | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Causer energy=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plants carry out respiration all the time, even at night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:respiration:x3:1
# text = Plants carry out respiration all the time, even at night.
1	Plants	plant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	carry	carry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	respiration	respiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	7	det:predet	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	even	even	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
10	at	at	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry out** | present | Plants | respiration |  |  | night; time |  | vn act-114 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent respiration=Eventuality |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After running, my rate of respiration was 30 breaths a minute.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:respiration:x4:1
# text = After running, my rate of respiration was 30 breaths a minute.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	running	run	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	rate	rate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	respiration	respiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	30	30	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	10	nummod	_	_
10	breaths	breath	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	minute	minute	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **run** | gerund | my rate of respiration *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | past | my rate of respiration | 30 breaths |  |  | minute |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Artificial respiration can save a life.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:respiration:x5:1
# text = Artificial respiration can save a life.
1	Artificial	artificial	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	respiration	respiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	save	save	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **save** | can | Artificial respiration | a life |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:respiration:x6:1
# text = Respiration produces carbon dioxide and water.
1	Respiration	respiration	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	produces	produce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	carbon	carbon	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	dioxide	dioxide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **produce** | present | Respiration | carbon dioxide and water |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dioxide=Result |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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