---
title: restitution — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «restitution» in the school dictionary: Restitution is giving back something that was stolen or lost to its owner, or paying for damage you caused. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# restitution

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Restitution, you, judge, Zacchaeus, Saying, museum · **What happens:** give back, steal, lose, pay, cause, make · **To what, where:** something, damage, things, boys, restitution, sorry · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«restitution» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [restitution in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/restitution.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal, law — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Restitution is giving back something that was stolen or lost to its owner, or paying for damage you caused.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restitution:m1:1
# text = Restitution is giving back something that was stolen or lost to its owner, or paying for damage you caused.
1	Restitution	restitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	8	nsubj:pass	_	_
7	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux:pass	_	_
8	stolen	steal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	conj	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	its	its	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	owner	owner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
16	paying	pay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
17	for	for	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	damage	damage	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	_
19	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	caused	cause	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	18	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give back** | present · progressive | Restitution | something |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **steal** | past · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **lose** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | to Restitution's owner | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **pay** | gerund | Restitution *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for damage | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent for damage=Theme |
| 5 | **cause** | past | you | damage *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition damage=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: ethics — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Restitution is making things right after doing wrong, by repairing or repaying.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restitution:m2:1
# text = Restitution is making things right after doing wrong, by repairing or repaying.
1	Restitution	restitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	right	right	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
7	doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
8	wrong	wrong	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
11	repairing	repair	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	repaying	repay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present · progressive | Restitution | things |  |  |  | right *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset thing=Product |
| 2 | **do** | gerund | Restitution *not said here* |  |  |  |  | wrong *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **repair** | gerund | Restitution *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **repay** | gerund | Restitution *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The judge ordered the boys to make restitution for the broken fence.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restitution:x1:1
# text = The judge ordered the boys to make restitution for the broken fence.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	judge	judge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	ordered	order	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	boys	boy	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
8	restitution	restitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	broken	break	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	12	amod	_	_
12	fence	fence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **order** | past | the judge |  | the boys |  |  |  | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent boy=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **make** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | the judge *not said here* | restitution |  |  |  | for the broken fence | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP P.asset»: agent=Agent restitution=Product for fence=Asset |
| 3 | **break** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Zacchaeus made restitution by paying back four times as much.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restitution:x2:1
# text = Zacchaeus made restitution by paying back four times as much.
1	Zacchaeus	Zacchaeus	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	restitution	restitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
5	paying	pay	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	back	back	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
7	four	four	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl:unmarked	_	_
9	as	as	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	much	much	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | Zacchaeus | restitution |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent restitution=Product |
| 2 | **pay back** | gerund | Zacchaeus *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Saying sorry is a start, but restitution is fixing it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restitution:x3:1
# text = Saying sorry is a start, but restitution is fixing it.
1	Saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	csubj	_	_
2	sorry	sorry	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	start	start	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	restitution	restitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	aux	_	_
10	fixing	fix	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
11	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	10	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  | sorry |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent sorry=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | Saying | a start |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fix** | present · progressive | restitution | sorry |  |  |  |  | vn shake-22.3-2 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent it=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The museum made restitution of the stolen paintings.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restitution:x4:1
# text = The museum made restitution of the stolen paintings.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	restitution	restitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	stolen	steal	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	amod	_	_
8	paintings	painting	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the museum | restitution of the stolen paintings |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset restitution=Product |
| 2 | **steal** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **restitute** |  |  | the stolen paintings |  |  |  |  | nom restitution «possession transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She did extra chores as restitution for breaking the lamp.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restitution:x5:1
# text = She did extra chores as restitution for breaking the lamp.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	extra	extra	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	chores	chore	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	restitution	restitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	breaking	break	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	lamp	lamp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | past | She | extra chores |  |  |  | as restitution | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chore=Eventuality |
| 2 | **break** | gerund | She *not said here* | the lamp |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer lamp=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Restitution helps the victim, not just the wrongdoer.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restitution:x6:1
# text = Restitution helps the victim, not just the wrongdoer.
1	Restitution	restitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	victim	victim	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
6	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
7	just	just	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	wrongdoer	wrongdoer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Restitution | the victim |  |  |  | the wrongdoer *obl* | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent victim=Beneficiary |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Apollo, by means of his all-seeing power, soon discovered who it was that had robbed him, and hastening to Cyllene, demanded restitution of his property.

<!-- fold The tree, 26 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restitution:x7:1
# text = Apollo, by means of his all-seeing power, soon discovered who it was that had robbed him, and hastening to Cyllene, demanded restitution of his property.
1	Apollo	Apollo	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
3	by	by	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
6	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
7	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	10	det	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	7	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	seeing	see	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	amod	_	_
10	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
12	soon	soon	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	13	advmod	_	_
13	discovered	discover	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
14	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
15	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux:pass	_	_
17	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
18	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	robbed	rob	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	13	ccomp	_	_
20	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
23	hastening	hasten	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	13	advcl	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Cyllene	Cyllene	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
27	demanded	demand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
28	restitution	restitution	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	property	property	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Apollo *not said here* |  |  |  |  | of Apollo's seeing power | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **see** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **discover** | past | Apollo |  |  |  |  | soon *property* | vn discover-84-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **rob** | past · perfect · passive |  | Apollo |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **hasten** | gerund | Apollo *not said here* |  | Cyllene |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Agent to cyllene=Result |
| 6 | **demand** *speech: request* | past | Apollo *not said here* | restitution of Apollo's property |  |  |  |  | vn require-103-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme restitution=Precondition |
| 7 | **restitute** |  |  | Apollo's property |  |  |  |  | nom restitution «possession transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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