---
title: restraint — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «restraint» in the school dictionary: A restraint is something that holds a person or thing back, like a seat belt or strap. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# restraint

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** restraint, Babies, She, government, He, It · **What happens:** be, hold, travel, show, not shout back, put · **To what, where:** something, person, calm control, rule, child restraint, great restraint · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«restraint» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [restraint in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/restraint.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A restraint is something that holds a person or thing back, like a seat belt or strap.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restraint:m1:1
# text = A restraint is something that holds a person or thing back, like a seat belt or strap.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	restraint	restraint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
5	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	6	nsubj	_	_
6	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	acl:relcl	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	thing	thing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
11	back	back	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
13	like	like	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
15	seat	seat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	compound	_	_
16	belt	belt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	parataxis	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	strap	strap	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a restraint | something |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | present |  | a person or thing |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent person=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Restraint is calm control of your feelings or actions.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restraint:m2:1
# text = Restraint is calm control of your feelings or actions.
1	Restraint	restraint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	calm	calm	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	control	control	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	feelings	feeling	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	actions	action	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Restraint | calm control |  |  |  | of your feelings or actions | tree rules |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A restraint is a rule or limit.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restraint:m3:1
# text = A restraint is a rule or limit.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	restraint	restraint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	rule	rule	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	limit	limit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a restraint | a rule or limit |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Babies must travel in a child restraint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restraint:x1:1
# text = Babies must travel in a child restraint.
1	Babies	baby	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
2	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	travel	travel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	restraint	restraint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | must | Babies |  |  | a child restraint |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in restraint=Trajectory |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She showed great restraint and did not shout back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restraint:x2:1
# text = She showed great restraint and did not shout back.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	showed	show	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	restraint	restraint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
6	did	do	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	shout	shout	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	back	back	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | past | She | great restraint |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent restraint=Recipient |
| 2 | **not** **shout back** *speech: express* | past · do-support | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The dog was held by a restraint.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restraint:x3:1
# text = The dog was held by a restraint.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	held	hold	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	restraint	restraint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hold** | past · passive | a restraint | the dog |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent subject=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The government put restraints on spending.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restraint:x4:1
# text = The government put restraints on spending.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	government	government	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	restraints	restraint	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	spending	spending	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **put** | past | the government | restraints |  | spending |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V PP.destination NP»: agent=Agent restraint=Theme on spending=Destination |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He ate the sweets without restraint and felt sick.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restraint:x5:1
# text = He ate the sweets without restraint and felt sick.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	ate	eat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	sweets	sweet	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	without	without	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	restraint	restraint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	felt	feel	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
9	sick	sick	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **eat** | past | He | the sweets |  |  |  | without restraint | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sweet=Patient |
| 2 | **feel** | past | He *not said here* |  |  |  |  | sick *property* | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Stimulus |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It took restraint not to open the presents early.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restraint:x6:1
# text = It took restraint not to open the presents early.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	restraint	restraint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	open	open	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	presents	present	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **take** | past | It | restraint |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent restraint=Theme |
| 2 | **open** | to-infinitive |  | the presents |  |  |  | early *property* | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location present=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Oh, for this life and raiment, you man that came in, keep restraint on your tongue!" said the old woman.

<!-- fold The tree, 20 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:restraint:x7:1
# text = "Oh, for this life and raiment, you man that came in, keep restraint on your tongue!" said the old woman.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Oh	oh	INTJ	UH	_	16	discourse	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	raiment	raiment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
10	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
12	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
13	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
14	in	in	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
16	keep	keep	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	23	ccomp	_	_
17	restraint	restraint	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
18	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	tongue	tongue	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	16	punct	_	_
23	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
25	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	woman	woman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	23	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **man** *in a quote* |  | you |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **come in** *in a quote* | past | man |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **keep** *in a quote* | infinitive |  | restraint |  | your tongue |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent restraint=Theme on tongue=Location |
| 4 | **say** *speech: express* | past | the old woman |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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