---
title: retaliation — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «retaliation» in the school dictionary: Doing something bad to someone because they did something bad to you; hitting back; revenge. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# retaliation

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** they, He, referee, army, Telling, She · **What happens:** do, hit back, kick away, send off, fire back, tell · **To what, where:** something, ball, retaliation, him, teacher, anyone · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«retaliation» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [retaliation in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/retaliation.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Doing something bad to someone because they did something bad to you; hitting back; revenge.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliation:m1:1
# text = Doing something bad to someone because they did something bad to you; hitting back; revenge.
1	Doing	do	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	1	obj	_	_
3	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obl	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
9	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	obj	_	_
10	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
11	to	to	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
14	hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	1	conj	_	_
15	back	back	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
17	revenge	revenge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  | revenge *obl* | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 2 | **do** | past | they | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 3 | **hit back** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He kicked the ball away in retaliation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliation:x1:1
# text = He kicked the ball away in retaliation.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	kicked	kick	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ball	ball	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **kick away** | past | He | the ball |  | retaliation |  | away *property* | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent ball=Patient in retaliation=Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The referee sent him off for retaliation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliation:x2:1
# text = The referee sent him off for retaliation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	referee	referee	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obj	_	_
5	off	off	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send off** | past | the referee | him *= he* |  |  |  | for retaliation | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In retaliation for the attack, the army fired back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliation:x3:1
# text = In retaliation for the attack, the army fired back.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	_
3	for	for	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	fired	fire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	back	back	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fire back** | past | the army |  |  | retaliation for the attack |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent in retaliation=Destination |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Telling a teacher is better than retaliation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliation:x4:1
# text = Telling a teacher is better than retaliation.
1	Telling	tell	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	better	good	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	0	root	_	_
6	than	than	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  | a teacher |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |
| 2 | **is** | present | Telling |  |  |  |  | than retaliation; good *property* | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was afraid of retaliation if she told anyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliation:x5:1
# text = She was afraid of retaliation if she told anyone.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	cop	_	_
3	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	if	if	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
7	she	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
9	anyone	anyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	8	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | of retaliation; afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* *a condition, not said to happen* | past | she |  | anyone |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent anyone=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country raised taxes on imports in retaliation.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliation:x6:1
# text = The country raised taxes on imports in retaliation.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	raised	raise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	imports	import	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	retaliation	retaliation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **raise** | participle | the country *not said here* | taxes |  | imports |  | in retaliation | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Agent tax=Theme on import=Destination in retaliation=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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