---
title: retaliatory — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «retaliatory» in the school dictionary: Done to hit back or pay someone back for something bad they did. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# retaliatory

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** they, attack, country, new taxes, retaliatory push, him · **What happens:** do, hit back, pay back, describe, answer, launch · **To what, where:** someone, attack, earlier attack, retaliatory attack, retaliatory move, him · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«retaliatory» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [retaliatory in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/retaliatory.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Done to hit back or pay someone back for something bad they did.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliatory:m1:1
# text = Done to hit back or pay someone back for something bad they did.
1	Done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
2	to	to	PART	TO	_	3	mark	_	_
3	hit	hit	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	back	back	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	pay	pay	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obj	_	_
8	back	back	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	6	obl	_	_
11	bad	bad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hit back** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pay back** | infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  | for something | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP PP.theme»: agent=Agent someone=Asset for something=Theme |
| 4 | **do** | past | they |  |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: news, war — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Describing an attack or action that answers an earlier attack.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliatory:m2:1
# text = Describing an attack or action that answers an earlier attack.
1	Describing	describe	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	action	action	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
7	answers	answer	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	earlier	early	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	10	amod	_	_
10	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **describe** | gerund |  | a attack or action |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent attack=Theme |
| 2 | **answer** *speech: assert* | present | a attack or action | a earlier attack |  |  |  |  | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent attack=Eventuality |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The country launched a retaliatory attack after being bombed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliatory:x1:1
# text = The country launched a retaliatory attack after being bombed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	launched	launch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	retaliatory	retaliatory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	attack	attack	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
8	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	bombed	bomb	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **launch** | past | the country | a retaliatory attack |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent attack=Theme |
| 2 | **bomb** | gerund · passive | the country *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn attack-60.1 «NP V NP» |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new taxes were a retaliatory move against the other country.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliatory:x2:1
# text = The new taxes were a retaliatory move against the other country.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	taxes	tax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	retaliatory	retaliatory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	move	move	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	country	country	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the new taxes | a retaliatory move |  |  |  | against the other country | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
His retaliatory push got him sent off too.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliatory:x3:1
# text = His retaliatory push got him sent off too.
1	His	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	retaliatory	retaliatory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	push	push	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	sent	send	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	xcomp	_	_
7	off	off	ADP	RP	_	6	compound:prt	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **get** | past | His retaliatory push | him *= he* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **send off** | participle | him *= he* *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **push** |  | His *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom push «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Retaliatory insults only made the argument worse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliatory:x4:1
# text = Retaliatory insults only made the argument worse.
1	Retaliatory	Retaliatory	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	insults	insult	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	only	only	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	advcl	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	argument	argument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	worse	bad	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	4	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **insult** | present | Retaliatory |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **make** | participle | Retaliatory *not said here* | the argument |  |  |  | bad *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset argument=Product |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teacher said, "No retaliatory hitting — come and tell me."

<!-- fold The tree, 10 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliatory:x5:1
# text = The teacher said, "No retaliatory hitting — come and tell me."
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
5	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	No	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	8	det	_	_
7	retaliatory	retaliatory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	hitting	hit	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	ccomp	_	_
9	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	parataxis	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	tell	tell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	conj	_	_
13	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	iobj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the teacher |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **hit** *in a quote* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **tell** *speech: assert* *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  | the teacher *= teacher* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Both sides took retaliatory measures.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retaliatory:x6:1
# text = Both sides took retaliatory measures.
1	Both	both	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	2	det	_	_
2	sides	side	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	retaliatory	retaliatory	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	measures	measure	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | past | both sides | retaliatory measures |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent measure=Theme |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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