---
title: retention — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «retention» in the school dictionary: Retention is keeping something, or keeping it from being lost. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# retention

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Retention, Water retention, body, Revision, Clay soil, wool coat · **What happens:** keep, lose, mean, keep back, be, hold · **To what, where:** something, Retention, pupil, much water, facts, good water retention

<!-- .vabout -->
«retention» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [retention in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/retention.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Retention is keeping something, or keeping it from being lost.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retention:m1:1
# text = Retention is keeping something, or keeping it from being lost.
1	Retention	retention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	from	from	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
10	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	lost	lose	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | present · progressive | Retention | something |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | gerund | Retention *not said here* | Retention |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 3 | **lose** | gerund · passive | Retention *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V» |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK school — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Retention can mean keeping a pupil back a year.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retention:m2:1
# text = Retention can mean keeping a pupil back a year.
1	Retention	retention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	keeping	keep	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | can | Retention |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **keep back** *not said to happen* | gerund | Retention *not said here* | a pupil |  |  | year |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pupil=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science/health — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Water retention is when the body holds too much water.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retention:m3:1
# text = Water retention is when the body holds too much water.
1	Water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	retention	retention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
7	holds	hold	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	advcl	_	_
8	too	too	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	much	much	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Water retention |  |  |  |  | when *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **hold** | present | the body | much water |  |  |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Revision helps the retention of facts.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retention:x1:1
# text = Revision helps the retention of facts.
1	Revision	revision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	retention	retention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	facts	fact	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Revision | the retention of facts |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent retention=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **retain** |  |  | facts |  |  |  |  | nom retention «act transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Clay soil has good water retention.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retention:x2:1
# text = Clay soil has good water retention.
1	Clay	clay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	soil	soil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
5	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	retention	retention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | Clay soil | good water retention |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent retention=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wool coat has good heat retention.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retention:x3:1
# text = The wool coat has good heat retention.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	wool	wool	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	coat	coat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
6	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	retention	retention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the wool coat | good heat retention |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent retention=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Staff retention is a problem for the company.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retention:x4:1
# text = Staff retention is a problem for the company.
1	Staff	staff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	retention	retention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	problem	problem	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	company	company	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | Staff retention | a problem |  |  |  | for the company | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Swelling in the ankles can be caused by water retention.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retention:x5:1
# text = Swelling in the ankles can be caused by water retention.
1	Swelling	swell	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	csubj:pass	_	_
2	in	in	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	ankles	ankle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
5	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux:pass	_	_
7	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
8	by	by	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	retention	retention	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **swell** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | in the ankles | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in ankle=Attribute |
| 2 | **cause** | can · passive | Swelling |  |  |  |  | by water retention | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP» |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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