---
title: retina — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «retina» in the school dictionary: The retina is the thin layer at the back of the inside of the eye that senses light and sends messages to the brain. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# retina

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** retina, eye, Light, you, sun, optician · **What happens:** be, sense, send, make, not look, damage · **To what, where:** thin layer, back, light, messages, brain, picture · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«retina» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [retina in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/retina.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The retina is the thin layer at the back of the inside of the eye that senses light and sends messages to the brain.

<!-- fold The tree, 24 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retina:m1:1
# text = The retina is the thin layer at the back of the inside of the eye that senses light and sends messages to the brain.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	retina	retina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	thin	thin	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	layer	layer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	inside	inside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	17	nsubj	_	_
17	senses	sense	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	acl:relcl	_	_
18	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obj	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	sends	send	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	conj	_	_
21	messages	message	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
22	to	to	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the retina | the thin layer |  | the back of the inside of the eye |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sense** | present | the eye | light |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer light=Stimulus |
| 3 | **send** | present | the eye *not said here* | messages |  | the brain |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent message=Theme to brain=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The retina is at the back of your eye.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retina:x1:1
# text = The retina is at the back of your eye.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	retina	retina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	at	at	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	back	back	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	eye	eye	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the retina |  |  | the back |  | of your eye | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Light makes a picture on the retina.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retina:x2:1
# text = Light makes a picture on the retina.
1	Light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	retina	retina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Light | a picture |  | the retina |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset picture=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never look at the sun — it can damage your retina.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retina:x3:1
# text = Never look at the sun — it can damage your retina.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	look	look	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	at	at	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	damage	damage	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	_
10	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	retina	retina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **look** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | at the sun | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at sun=Theme |
| 2 | **damage** | can | sun | your retina |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP.instrument V NP»: agent=Instrument retina=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The optician shone a light to check my retina.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retina:x4:1
# text = The optician shone a light to check my retina.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	optician	optician	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	light	light	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	check	check	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
8	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	9	nmod:poss	_	_
9	retina	retina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **shine** | past | the optician | a light |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent light=Theme |
| 2 | **check** | to-infinitive | the optician *not said here* | my retina |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent retina=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The retina has cells called rods and cones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retina:x5:1
# text = The retina has cells called rods and cones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	retina	retina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	cells	cell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	acl	_	_
6	rods	rod	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	xcomp	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	cones	cone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the retina | cells |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cell=Patient |
| 2 | **call** | participle | cells *not said here* | rods and cones |  |  |  |  | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The brain flips the picture from the retina.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retina:x6:1
# text = The brain flips the picture from the retina.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	brain	brain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flips	flip	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	picture	picture	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	retina	retina	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flip** | present | the brain | the picture |  | the retina |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent picture=Theme from retina=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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