---
title: retire — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «retire» in the school dictionary: To stop working, usually because you are older. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# retire

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, army, Grandad, runner, guests, She · **What happens:** stop, work, be, play, go, retire · **To what, where:** game, place, race, tomatoes, army, hill · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«retire» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [retire in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/retire.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stop working, usually because you are older.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retire:m1:1
# text = To stop working, usually because you are older.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
6	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	3	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | you |  |  |  |  | old, usually *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: sport — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To stop playing in a game or race, often because of injury.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retire:m2:1
# text = To stop playing in a game or race, often because of injury.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	stop	stop	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	often	often	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
11	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **play** | gerund |  |  |  | a game or race |  | because injury | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To go to bed or to a quiet room: «retire for the night».

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retire:m3:1
# text = To go to bed or to a quiet room: «retire for the night».
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
6	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	retire	retire	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | to bed or a quiet room | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **retire** *in a quote* | infinitive |  |  |  |  | night |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To go away from a place, like an army moving back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retire:m4:1
# text = To go away from a place, like an army moving back.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	like	like	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
11	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	back	back	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go away** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | a place |  | like a army; away *property* | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme from place=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **move back** | gerund | a army *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad retired after working at the post office for many years.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retire:x1:1
# text = Grandad retired after working at the post office for many years.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	retired	retire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	working	work	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
5	at	at	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	post	post	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	office	office	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
9	for	for	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | past | Grandad |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **work** | gerund | Grandad *not said here* |  |  |  | year | at the post office | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent at office=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The runner had to retire from the race with a sore leg.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retire:x2:1
# text = The runner had to retire from the race with a sore leg.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	runner	runner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	retire	retire	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	with	with	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	sore	sore	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	leg	leg	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the runner |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **retire** | to-infinitive | the runner *not said here* |  |  | the race |  | with a sore leg | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from race=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The guests retired for the night.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retire:x3:1
# text = The guests retired for the night.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	guests	guest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	retired	retire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | past | the guests |  |  |  | night |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She plans to retire to the seaside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retire:x4:1
# text = She plans to retire to the seaside.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	plans	plan	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	retire	retire	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	seaside	seaside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plan** | present | She |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **retire** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  | to the seaside | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My retired neighbour grows tomatoes.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retire:x5:1
# text = My retired neighbour grows tomatoes.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	retired	retired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	grows	grow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	tomatoes	tomato	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **grow** | present | My retired neighbour | tomatoes |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location tomato=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The army retired behind the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retire:x6:1
# text = The army retired behind the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | participle |  | the army *not said here* |  | the hill |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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