---
title: retired — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «retired» in the school dictionary: Retired describes a person who has stopped working, usually because they are older. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# retired

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** person, they, player, grandad, She, guests · **What happens:** retire, describe, stop, work, be, mean · **To what, where:** person, bed, quiet place, player, sport, retired teacher · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«retired» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [retired in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/retired.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Retired describes a person who has stopped working, usually because they are older.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retired:m1:1
# text = Retired describes a person who has stopped working, usually because they are older.
1	Retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	mark	_	_
2	describes	describe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
6	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	stopped	stop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	acl:relcl	_	_
8	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
10	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
11	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	cop	_	_
14	older	old	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	8	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **describe** | present |  | a person |  |  |  |  | vn characterize-29.2-1-1 «NP V NP S\_ING»: agent=Agent person=Theme |
| 3 | **stop** | present · perfect | a person |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **work** | gerund | a person *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **is** | present | they |  |  |  |  | old, usually *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: verb, past — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Retired means stopped working for good.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retired:m2:1
# text = Retired means stopped working for good.
1	Retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	stopped	stop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	ccomp	_	_
4	working	work	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stop** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **work** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | for good | vn employment-95.3 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent for good=Beneficiary |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: formal — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Retired can mean went to bed or went away to a quiet place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retired:m3:1
# text = Retired can mean went to bed or went away to a quiet place.
1	Retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	mean	mean	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	away	away	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
10	to	to	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | can |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **go** | past |  |  |  | bed |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **go away** | past |  |  |  | a quiet place |  | away *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In sport, a player retired means stopped playing, sometimes because of injury.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retired:m4:1
# text = In sport, a player retired means stopped playing, sometimes because of injury.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	player	player	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
6	retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	stopped	stop	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	ccomp	_	_
9	playing	play	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	8	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	sometimes	sometimes	ADV	RB	PronType=Ind	14	advmod	_	_
12	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	14	case	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	fixed	_	_
14	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | participle |  | a player *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present | a player |  |  | sport |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **stop** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 4 | **play** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | because injury | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandad is a retired teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retired:x1:1
# text = My grandad is a retired teacher.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	retired	retired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | My grandad | a retired teacher |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She retired from the police at sixty.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retired:x2:1
# text = She retired from the police at sixty.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	retired	retire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	from	from	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	police	police	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	at	at	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	sixty	sixty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | past | She |  |  | the police |  | at sixty | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from police=Source |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Nan has been retired for years and loves her garden.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retired:x3:1
# text = Nan has been retired for years and loves her garden.
1	Nan	Nan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	for	for	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	loves	love	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
9	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	garden	garden	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | present · perfect · passive |  | Nan |  |  | year |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute |
| 2 | **love** | present |  | Nan's garden |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer garden=Stimulus |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
(formal) After supper the guests retired to bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retired:x4:1
# text = (formal) After supper the guests retired to bed.
1	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	2	punct	_	_
4	After	after	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	supper	supper	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	guests	guest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
8	retired	retire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	_
9	to	to	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | past | the guests | supper *not said here* |  |  |  | to bed | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent supper=Attribute |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The batsman retired hurt.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retired:x5:1
# text = The batsman retired hurt.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	batsman	batsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	retired	retire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	hurt	hurt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hurt** | past · passive |  | the batsman |  |  |  |  | vn hurt-40.8.3-2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The old ship was retired and turned into a museum.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retired:x6:1
# text = The old ship was retired and turned into a museum.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	old	old	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	ship	ship	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	retired	retired	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
8	into	into	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	museum	museum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the old ship |  |  |  |  | retired *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **turn** | past | the old ship *not said here* |  |  | a museum |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme into museum=Trajectory |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My neighbour retired early and moved to the seaside.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retired:x7:1
# text = My neighbour retired early and moved to the seaside.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	neighbour	neighbour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	retired	retire	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	moved	move	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	seaside	seaside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | participle | My neighbour |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **move** | past | My neighbour *not said here* |  |  | the seaside |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme to seaside=Trajectory |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Then he retired, without awaiting any reply from the princess.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retired:x8:1
# text = Then he retired, without awaiting any reply from the princess.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	retired	retire	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
5	without	without	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
6	awaiting	await	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	8	det	_	_
8	reply	reply	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	princess	princess	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | past | he |  |  |  | then |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **await** | gerund | he *not said here* | any reply |  |  |  | from the princess | tree rules |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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