---
title: retiring — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «retiring» in the school dictionary: Adjective: shy and quiet; not liking to be noticed: a retiring person. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# retiring

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Verb form, grandad, retiring head teacher, She, child, Grandma · **What happens:** not like, notice, retire, stop, go, go away · **To what, where:** Adjective, work, bed, quiet place, race, big card · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«retiring» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [retiring in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/retiring.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Adjective: shy and quiet; not liking to be noticed: a retiring person.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retiring:m1:1
# text = Adjective: shy and quiet; not liking to be noticed: a retiring person.
1	Adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nsubj:pass	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
3	shy	shy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	parataxis	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	;	;	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	liking	like	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	csubj:pass	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	11	mark	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	noticed	notice	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	retiring	retire	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	15	amod	_	_
15	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **like** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Pivot |
| 2 | **notice** | to-infinitive · passive |  | Adjective |  |  |  | a retiring person *obl* | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **retire** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Verb form: stopping work because of age.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retiring:m2:1
# text = Verb form: stopping work because of age.
1	Verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	4	punct	_	_
4	stopping	stop	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	acl	_	_
5	work	work	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **stop** | gerund | Verb form *not said here* | work |  |  | because age |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality work=Eventuality |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My grandad is retiring next month.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retiring:m2e:1
# text = My grandad is retiring next month.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	grandad	grandad	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	retiring	retire	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	next	next	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | present · progressive | My grandad |  |  |  | month |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Verb form (formal): going to bed, or going away to a quiet place.

<!-- fold The tree, 13 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retiring:m3:1
# text = Verb form (formal): going to bed, or going away to a quiet place.
1	Verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	formal	formal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	conj	_	_
13	away	away	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | gerund |  |  |  | bed |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to bed=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **go away** | gerund |  |  |  | a quiet place |  | away *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Verb form (sport): leaving a race or game early, often from injury.

<!-- fold The tree, 12 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retiring:m4:1
# text = Verb form (sport): leaving a race or game early, often from injury.
1	Verb	verb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	compound	_	_
2	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	sport	sport	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	4	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	7	punct	_	_
7	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	parataxis	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	game	game	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	often	often	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
15	from	from	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	injury	injury	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | gerund |  | a race or game |  |  |  | early *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent race=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our retiring head teacher got a big card from every class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retiring:x1:1
# text = Our retiring head teacher got a big card from every class.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
2	retiring	retire	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	amod	_	_
3	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	compound	_	_
4	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	got	get	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	big	big	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	card	card	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
9	from	from	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	11	det	_	_
11	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **get** | past | Our retiring head teacher | a big card |  | every class |  |  | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent card=Theme from class=Source |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She was a quiet, retiring child who loved books.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retiring:x2:1
# text = She was a quiet, retiring child who loved books.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
2	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	retiring	retire	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	_
7	child	child	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
8	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
9	loved	love	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	acl:relcl	_	_
10	books	book	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | She |  |  |  |  | quiet *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **retire** | gerund | She *not said here* | child |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Attribute |
| 3 | **love** | past | child | books |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer book=Stimulus |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandma is retiring and plans to travel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retiring:x3:1
# text = Grandma is retiring and plans to travel.
1	Grandma	grandma	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	retiring	retire	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	plans	plan	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	travel	travel	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | present · progressive | Grandma |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **plan** | present | Grandma *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1-1 «NP V S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **travel** *not said to happen* | to-infinitive | Grandma *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The guests are retiring to bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retiring:x4:1
# text = The guests are retiring to bed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	guests	guest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	retiring	retire	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | present · progressive | the guests |  |  |  |  | to bed | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The driver is retiring from the race with a flat tyre.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retiring:x5:1
# text = The driver is retiring from the race with a flat tyre.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	driver	driver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	retiring	retire	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	race	race	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	with	with	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	flat	flat	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	tyre	tyre	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | present · progressive | the driver |  |  | the race with a flat tyre |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from race=Source |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The retiring age is going up in many countries.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retiring:x6:1
# text = The retiring age is going up in many countries.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	retiring	retire	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	age	age	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	going	go	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	countries	country	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retire** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **go up** | present · progressive | the retiring age |  |  |  |  | in many countries | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient in country=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The last sound Peter heard before he was quite alone were the mermaids retiring one by one to their bedchambers under the sea.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retiring:x7:1
# text = The last sound Peter heard before he was quite alone were the mermaids retiring one by one to their bedchambers under the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	last	last	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	Peter	Peter	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
5	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	14	mark	_	_
7	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
9	quite	quite	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
10	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
11	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	mermaids	mermaid	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
14	retiring	retire	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
15	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	14	obj	_	_
16	by	by	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	nmod	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	bedchambers	bedchamber	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nmod	_	_
21	under	under	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | the last sound |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **retire** | past · progressive | sound | one |  |  |  | by one to mermaids's bedchambers under the sea; alone *property* | vn resign-10.11-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Attribute |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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