---
title: retrain — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «retrain» in the school dictionary: To retrain is to learn new skills, usually for a different job. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# retrain

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** factory, We, He, course, people · **What happens:** retrain, be, teach, close, sit, eat · **To what, where:** someone, them, something, aunt, many workers, puppy · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«retrain» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 5 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [retrain in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/retrain.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To retrain is to learn new skills, usually for a different job.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrain:m1:1
# text = To retrain is to learn new skills, usually for a different job.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	retrain	retrain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	learn	learn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	skills	skill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
9	usually	usually	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
10	for	for	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	different	different	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	job	job	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retrain** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  |  |  |  | for a different job; learn *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To retrain someone or an animal is to teach them again or teach them something new.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrain:m2:1
# text = To retrain someone or an animal is to teach them again or teach them something new.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	retrain	retrain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	9	advcl	_	_
3	someone	someone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
5	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	animal	animal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
8	to	to	PART	TO	_	9	mark	_	_
9	teach	teach	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	iobj	_	_
11	again	again	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	teach	teach	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	9	conj	_	_
14	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	iobj	_	_
15	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	13	obj	_	_
16	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retrain** | to-infinitive |  | someone |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present |  |  | them *= they* |  | again | teach *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **teach** *speech: other* | infinitive |  | something | them *= they* |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Recipient something=Topic |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My aunt retrained as a nurse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrain:x1:1
# text = My aunt retrained as a nurse.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	aunt	aunt	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	retrained	retrain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	as	as	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	nurse	nurse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retrain** | participle |  | My aunt *not said here* |  |  |  | as a nurse | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The factory closed, so many workers retrained.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrain:x2:1
# text = The factory closed, so many workers retrained.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	factory	factory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	closed	close	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
6	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	workers	worker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obl	_	_
8	retrained	retrain	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **close** | participle | the factory | many workers |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **retrain** | participle |  | many workers *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We retrained our puppy to sit before eating.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrain:x3:1
# text = We retrained our puppy to sit before eating.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	retrained	retrain	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	puppy	puppy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	to	to	PART	TO	_	6	mark	_	_
6	sit	sit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
7	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	8	mark	_	_
8	eating	eat	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retrain** | past | We | our puppy |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **sit** | to-infinitive | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **eat** | gerund | We *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
He is retraining to become a chef.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrain:x4:1
# text = He is retraining to become a chef.
1	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	retraining	retrain	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	chef	chef	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retrain** | present · progressive | He |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **become** | to-infinitive | He *not said here* | a chef |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The course helps people retrain for new jobs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrain:x5:1
# text = The course helps people retrain for new jobs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	course	course	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	retrain	retrain	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	jobs	job	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | the course | people |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent people=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **retrain** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  |  |  | for new jobs | tree rules |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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