---
title: retreat — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «retreat» in the school dictionary: To move back or away, especially from danger or an enemy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# retreat

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** act, you, your, soldiers, tide, cat · **What happens:** move back, go, rest, be, change, stop · **To what, where:** danger, mind, something, promise, hill, bed · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«retreat» in the school dictionary: its 5 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [retreat in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/retreat.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To move back or away, especially from danger or an enemy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:m1:1
# text = To move back or away, especially from danger or an enemy.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	back	back	ADV	RB	_	2	advmod	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	away	away	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move back** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | danger or a enemy |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from danger=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The act of moving back.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:m2:1
# text = The act of moving back.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	of	of	SCONJ	IN	_	4	mark	_	_
4	moving	move	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	acl	_	_
5	back	back	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move back** | gerund | the act *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A quiet place where you go to rest or be alone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:m3:1
# text = A quiet place where you go to rest or be alone.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	6	advmod	_	_
5	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
7	to	to	PART	TO	_	8	mark	_	_
8	rest	rest	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	cop	_	_
11	alone	alone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | present | you |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **rest** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **is** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | alone *property* | tree rules |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To change your mind and stop saying or doing something: retreat from a promise.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:m4:1
# text = To change your mind and stop saying or doing something: retreat from a promise.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	advcl	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	mind	mind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	stop	stop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	saying	say	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	doing	do	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	7	conj	_	_
10	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
12	retreat	retreat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
13	from	from	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	promise	promise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | to-infinitive |  | your mind |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mind=Patient |
| 2 | **stop** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Affector clause=Eventuality |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **do** | gerund |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent something=Eventuality |
| 5 | **retreat** | infinitive |  |  |  | a promise |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from promise=Initial\_Location |
| 6 | **mind** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom mind «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Meaning 5 {#m5}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: noun — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A short stay away from normal life for rest, prayer or planning.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:m5:1
# text = A short stay away from normal life for rest, prayer or planning.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	short	short	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	stay	stay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl:unmarked	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	normal	normal	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	for	for	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	rest	rest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	prayer	prayer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	planning	planning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .note -->
The frames reader finds no event or fact in this sentence.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldiers retreated behind the hill.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:x1:1
# text = The soldiers retreated behind the hill.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	behind	behind	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retreat** | past | the soldiers |  |  | the hill |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tide retreats twice a day.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:x2:1
# text = The tide retreats twice a day.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tide	tide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	retreats	retreat	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	twice	twice	ADV	RB	NumForm=Word|NumType=Mult	3	advmod	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retreat** | present | the tide |  |  |  | day | twice *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat retreated under the bed during the storm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:x3:1
# text = The cat retreated under the bed during the storm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	during	during	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retreat** | past | the cat |  |  | the bed | during the storm |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tree house is my secret retreat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:x4:1
# text = The tree house is my secret retreat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	house	house	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	secret	secret	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	retreat	retreat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the tree house | my secret retreat |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The glacier has retreated a long way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:x5:1
# text = The glacier has retreated a long way.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	glacier	glacier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retreat** | present · perfect · passive |  | the glacier |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the dog barked, we beat a hasty retreat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:x6:1
# text = When the dog barked, we beat a hasty retreat.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	barked	bark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	beat	beat	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	hasty	hasty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	retreat	retreat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bark** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **beat** | present | we | a hasty retreat |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location retreat=Theme |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The teachers went on a planning retreat.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:x7:1
# text = The teachers went on a planning retreat.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	teachers	teacher	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	planning	planning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	compound	_	_
7	retreat	retreat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the teachers |  |  | a planning retreat |  |  | vn occur-48.3-2 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme on retreat=Location |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he pretended to retreat, turning away the head of his horse.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreat:x8:1
# text = And he pretended to retreat, turning away the head of his horse.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	pretended	pretend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	retreat	retreat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	turning	turn	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
8	away	away	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	horse	horse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pretend** | past | he |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **retreat** | to-infinitive | he *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 3 | **turn away** | gerund | he *not said here* | the head of his horse |  |  |  | away *property* | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent head=Theme |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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