---
title: retreated — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «retreated» in the school dictionary: Moved back or away, especially from danger or an enemy. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# retreated

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** glacier, soldiers, cat, She, tide, dog · **What happens:** move back, go, change, go back, retreat, read · **To what, where:** danger, quiet safe place, decision, river, bed, room

<!-- .vabout -->
«retreated» in the school dictionary: its 4 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [retreated in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/retreated.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Moved back or away, especially from danger or an enemy.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreated:m1:1
# text = Moved back or away, especially from danger or an enemy.
1	Moved	move	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	away	away	ADV	RB	_	2	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	especially	especially	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	from	from	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	danger	danger	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	enemy	enemy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move back** | participle |  |  |  | danger or a enemy |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme from danger=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Went to a quiet, safe place.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreated:m2:1
# text = Went to a quiet, safe place.
1	Went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	to	to	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	safe	safe	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past |  |  |  | a quiet safe place |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to place=Initial\_Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Changed a decision or plan because of pressure.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreated:m3:1
# text = Changed a decision or plan because of pressure.
1	Changed	change	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	8	case	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	fixed	_	_
8	pressure	pressure	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **change** | past |  | a decision or plan |  |  |  | because pressure | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent decision=Patient |

## Meaning 4 {#m4}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: of water or ice — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Went back: the glacier retreated.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreated:m4:1
# text = Went back: the glacier retreated.
1	Went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	glacier	glacier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go back** | past |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **retreat** | past | the glacier |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The soldiers retreated across the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreated:x1:1
# text = The soldiers retreated across the river.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	soldiers	soldier	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	across	across	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retreat** | past | the soldiers |  |  | the river |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme across river=Initial\_Location |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat retreated under the bed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreated:x2:1
# text = The cat retreated under the bed.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	under	under	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	bed	bed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retreat** | past | the cat |  |  | the bed |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She retreated to her room to read.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreated:x3:1
# text = She retreated to her room to read.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	room	room	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	read	read	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retreat** | past | She |  |  | her room |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to room=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **read** | to-infinitive | She *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The glacier has retreated a long way.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreated:x4:1
# text = The glacier has retreated a long way.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	glacier	glacier	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retreat** | present · perfect · passive |  | the glacier |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The tide retreated, leaving shells on the sand.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreated:x5:1
# text = The tide retreated, leaving shells on the sand.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	tide	tide	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	leaving	leave	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
6	shells	shell	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **retreat** | past | the tide |  |  |  |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **leave** | gerund | the tide *not said here* | shells |  | the sand |  |  | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent shell=Theme on sand=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the dog barked, we quickly retreated.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreated:x6:1
# text = When the dog barked, we quickly retreated.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	dog	dog	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	barked	bark	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	quickly	quickly	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
8	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bark** | past | the dog |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **retreat** | past | we |  |  |  |  | quickly *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Mouse peeped out, crept furtively up his flank, and again biting him, retreated to his hole.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retreated:x7:1
# text = The Mouse peeped out, crept furtively up his flank, and again biting him, retreated to his hole.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Mouse	mouse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	peeped	peep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	crept	creep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
7	furtively	furtively	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	up	up	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	flank	flank	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
13	again	again	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	biting	bite	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
15	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	retreated	retreat	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
18	to	to	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
20	hole	hole	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **peep out** | past | the Mouse |  |  |  |  |  | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **creep** | past | the Mouse *not said here* |  |  | Mouse's flank |  | furtively *property* | vn run-51.3.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme up flank=Trajectory |
| 3 | **bite** | gerund | the Mouse *not said here* | Mouse |  |  | again |  | vn swat-18.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
| 4 | **retreat** | past | the Mouse *not said here* |  |  | Mouse's hole |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to hole=Initial\_Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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