---
title: retrospection — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «retrospection» in the school dictionary: Thinking back about past events or about your own past. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# retrospection

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**Who acts:** it, we, trip, stories, Retrospection, you · **What happens:** think back, look back, judge, happen, have, learn · **To what, where:** something, end, great fun, retrospection, you, mistakes

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«retrospection» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [retrospection in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/retrospection.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Thinking back about past events or about your own past.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrospection:m1:1
# text = Thinking back about past events or about your own past.
1	Thinking	think	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	about	about	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	events	event	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obl	_	_
6	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
7	about	about	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
9	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	past	past	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **think back** *speech: other* | gerund |  |  |  |  |  | about past events or your own past | vn focus-87.1-1 «NP V PP.topic»: agent=Agent about event=Topic |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Looking back to judge something after it has happened.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrospection:m2:1
# text = Looking back to judge something after it has happened.
1	Looking	look	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
2	back	back	ADV	RB	_	1	advmod	_	_
3	to	to	PART	TO	_	4	mark	_	_
4	judge	judge	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
5	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
7	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj	_	_
8	has	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	happened	happen	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **look back** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus |
| 2 | **judge** | to-infinitive |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V NP.value»: agent=Agent something=Value |
| 3 | **happen** | present · perfect | it |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
At the end of the year we had a time of retrospection about what we learnt.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrospection:x1:1
# text = At the end of the year we had a time of retrospection about what we learnt.
1	At	at	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	end	end	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	retrospection	retrospection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	about	about	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	12	nmod	_	_
15	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	learnt	learn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	14	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | we |  |  |  | at the end of the year; time |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **learn** | past | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In retrospection, the trip was great fun despite the rain.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrospection:x2:1
# text = In retrospection, the trip was great fun despite the rain.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	retrospection	retrospection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	trip	trip	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
6	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	fun	fun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
9	despite	despite	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	rain	rain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | past | the trip | great fun |  | retrospection |  | despite the rain | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Grandad's stories are full of retrospection.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrospection:x3:1
# text = Grandad's stories are full of retrospection.
1	Grandad	Grandad	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	stories	story	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
4	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	full	full	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	retrospection	retrospection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Grandad's stories |  |  |  |  | of retrospection; full *property* | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Retrospection helps you see your mistakes clearly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrospection:x4:1
# text = Retrospection helps you see your mistakes clearly.
1	Retrospection	retrospection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs	2	obj	_	_
4	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
5	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	mistakes	mistake	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	clearly	clearly	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | present | Retrospection | you |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent you=Beneficiary clause=Theme |
| 2 | **see** | infinitive | you *not said here* | your mistakes |  |  |  | clearly *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer mistake=Stimulus |
| 3 | **mistake** |  | your |  |  |  |  |  | nom mistake «act intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The diary was written in quiet retrospection.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrospection:x5:1
# text = The diary was written in quiet retrospection.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	diary	diary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	written	write	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	quiet	quiet	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	retrospection	retrospection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | past · passive |  | the diary |  | quiet retrospection |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme in retrospection=Destination |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
In retrospect, I should have studied more.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:retrospection:x6:1
# text = In retrospect, I should have studied more.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	2	case	_	_
2	retrospect	retrospect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
4	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
5	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
6	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	7	aux	_	_
7	studied	study	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
8	more	more	ADJ	JJR	Degree=Cmp	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **study** | should · perfect | I | more |  | retrospect |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent more=Topic |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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