---
title: reverberate — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reverberate» in the school dictionary: A sound reverberates when it bounces back off walls or hills again and again, making a long echo. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reverberate

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**Who acts:** sound, effect, tones · **What happens:** reverberate, bounce back, make, keep, spread, feel · **To what, where:** walls, long echo, heart, bell, thunder, valley

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«reverberate» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 3 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reverberate in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reverberate.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A sound reverberates when it bounces back off walls or hills again and again, making a long echo.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberate:m1:1
# text = A sound reverberates when it bounces back off walls or hills again and again, making a long echo.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reverberates	reverberate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	bounces	bounce	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
7	back	back	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
8	off	off	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	walls	wall	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
10	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	conj	_	_
12	again	again	ADV	RB	_	6	advmod	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
14	again	again	ADV	RB	_	12	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	making	make	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	echo	echo	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverberate** | present | a sound |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **bounce back** | present | sound |  |  | walls or hills | again |  | vn run-51.3.2-2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme off wall=Trajectory |
| 3 | **make** | gerund | sound *not said here* | a long echo |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset echo=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
An effect reverberates when it keeps spreading or being felt for a long time.

<!-- fold The tree, 14 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberate:m2:1
# text = An effect reverberates when it keeps spreading or being felt for a long time.
1	An	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	reverberates	reverberate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	6	advmod	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	nsubj	_	_
6	keeps	keep	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	advcl	_	_
7	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	xcomp	_	_
8	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	being	be	AUX	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	10	aux:pass	_	_
10	felt	feel	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	conj	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
13	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	amod	_	_
14	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverberate** | present | a effect |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **keep** | present | effect |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **spread** | gerund | effect *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **feel** | gerund · passive | effect *not said here* |  |  |  | time |  | vn stimulus\_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute» |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bell's tones reverberated in his heart.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberate:x1:1
# text = The bell's tones reverberated in his heart.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	tones	tone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	reverberated	reverberate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverberate** | past | the bell's tones |  |  | his heart |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in heart=Location |
| 2 | **intonate** |  |  | the bell |  |  |  |  | nom tone «communication transitive»: poss=patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thunder reverberated through the valley.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberate:x2:1
# text = The thunder reverberated through the valley.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	reverberated	reverberate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	through	through	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	valley	valley	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverberate** | participle |  | the thunder *not said here* |  | the valley |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through valley=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The chariot wheels reverberated between the cliffs.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberate:x3:1
# text = The chariot wheels reverberated between the cliffs.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	chariot	chariot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	wheels	wheel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	_
4	reverberated	reverberate	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	between	between	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cliffs	cliff	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverberate** | participle |  | the chariot wheels *not said here* |  | the cliffs |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme between cliff=Location |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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