---
title: reverberating — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reverberating» in the school dictionary: Of a sound: echoing again and again, loudly, filling a space. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reverberating

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** effects, Having, thunder, voices, boom, reverberating sound · **What happens:** echo, fill, have, go, spread, reverberate · **To what, where:** space, effects, cave, hall, drum, school

<!-- .vabout -->
«reverberating» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reverberating in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reverberating.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Of a sound: echoing again and again, loudly, filling a space.

<!-- fold The tree, 11 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberating:m1:1
# text = Of a sound: echoing again and again, loudly, filling a space.
1	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	5	punct	_	_
5	echoing	echo	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	again	again	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	loudly	loudly	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
12	filling	fill	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	5	conj	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	space	space	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **echo** | gerund |  |  |  |  | again | of a sound; loudly *property* | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **fill** | gerund |  | a space |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent space=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Having effects that go on spreading for a long time: the news is still reverberating.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberating:m2:1
# text = Having effects that go on spreading for a long time: the news is still reverberating.
1	Having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	16	csubj	_	_
2	effects	effect	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
3	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	4	nsubj	_	_
4	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	acl:relcl	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	4	obl	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	1	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
15	still	still	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
16	reverberating	reverberate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | gerund |  | effects |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go** | present | effects |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **spread** | gerund |  |  |  |  | time |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **reverberate** | present · progressive | Having |  |  |  | still |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The thunder was reverberating round the hills.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberating:x1:1
# text = The thunder was reverberating round the hills.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	thunder	thunder	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	reverberating	reverberate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	round	round	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverberate** | past · progressive | the thunder |  |  |  |  | round the hills | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Our voices kept reverberating in the cave.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberating:x2:1
# text = Our voices kept reverberating in the cave.
1	Our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	voices	voice	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	kept	keep	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	reverberating	reverberate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cave	cave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **keep** | past | Our voices |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **reverberate** | gerund | Our voices *not said here* |  |  | the cave |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The drum's boom went reverberating through the hall.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberating:x3:1
# text = The drum's boom went reverberating through the hall.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	drum	drum	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	boom	boom	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	reverberating	reverberate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	_
7	through	through	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	hall	hall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | the drum's boom |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7 «NP V S-Quote»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **reverberate** | gerund | the drum's boom *not said here* |  |  | the hall |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme through hall=Location |
| 3 | **boom** |  |  | the drum |  |  |  |  | nom boom «event transitive»: poss=patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bell's reverberating sound made the birds fly up.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberating:x4:1
# text = The bell's reverberating sound made the birds fly up.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bell	bell	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	's	's	PART	POS	_	2	case	_	_
4	reverberating	reverberate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	amod	_	_
5	sound	sound	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
6	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	fly	fly	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	_
10	up	up	ADP	RP	_	9	compound:prt	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverberate** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **make** | past | the bell's reverberating sound |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fly up** | present | the birds |  |  |  |  |  | vn spatial\_configuration-47.6-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The news is still reverberating around the school.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberating:x5:1
# text = The news is still reverberating around the school.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	news	news	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	still	still	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	reverberating	reverberate	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
6	around	around	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverberate** | present · progressive | the news |  |  | the school | still |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme around school=Location |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A reverberating shout came from the tunnel.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reverberating:x6:1
# text = A reverberating shout came from the tunnel.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	reverberating	reverberate	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	amod	_	_
3	shout	shout	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	tunnel	tunnel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverberate** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_existence-47.4 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **come** | past | a reverberating shout |  |  | the tunnel |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from tunnel=Initial\_Location |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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