---
title: reversed — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «reversed» in the school dictionary: Reversed is the past form of «reverse»: drove backwards, or turned something the other way or to the opposite. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# reversed

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** van, little brother, brother, number, pupil, mirror · **What happens:** reverse, drive, turn, form, mean, reverse out · **To what, where:** past form, something, reverse, upside, roles, driveway · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«reversed» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 8 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [reversed in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/reversed.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Reversed is the past form of «reverse»: drove backwards, or turned something the other way or to the opposite.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reversed:m1:1
# text = Reversed is the past form of «reverse»: drove backwards, or turned something the other way or to the opposite.
1	Reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	aux:pass	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	past	past	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	form	form	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	reverse	reverse	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
11	drove	drive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
12	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
15	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
16	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	15	obj	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
18	other	other	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	xcomp	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	opposite	opposite	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
24	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | present · passive |  | the past form of reverse |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V» |
| 2 | **drive** | past |  |  |  |  |  | backwards *property* | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **turn** | past |  | something |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent something=Theme |
| 4 | **form** |  |  | reverse |  |  |  |  | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As an adjective, reversed means turned backwards, upside down or the opposite way round («a reversed letter», «roles reversed»).

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reversed:m2:1
# text = As an adjective, reversed means turned backwards, upside down or the opposite way round («a reversed letter», «roles reversed»).
1	As	as	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	adjective	adjective	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	csubj	_	_
6	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	turned	turn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	ccomp	_	_
8	backwards	backwards	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	upside	upside	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obl	_	_
11	down	down	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
14	opposite	opposite	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	amod	_	_
15	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
16	round	round	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
17	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
20	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	21	amod	_	_
21	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	parataxis	_	SpaceAfter=No
22	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	«	«	PUNCT	``	_	25	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	roles	role	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nmod	_	_
26	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
27	»	»	PUNCT	''	_	26	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	21	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | participle |  |  |  |  |  | as a adjective | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **turn** | participle |  | upside or the opposite way |  |  |  | backwards *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP.theme V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **reverse** *in a quote* | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **reverse** *in a quote* | participle |  | roles *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The van reversed out of the driveway.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reversed:x1:1
# text = The van reversed out of the driveway.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	van	van	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
3	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	driveway	driveway	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse out** | participle | the van *not said here* | the driveway |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent driveway=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
My little brother writes some of his letters reversed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reversed:x2:1
# text = My little brother writes some of his letters reversed.
1	My	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	writes	write	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	4	obj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	letters	letter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	8	acl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **write** | present | My little brother | some |  |  |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent some=Theme |
| 2 | **reverse** | participle |  | brother's letters *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **letter** |  | brother |  |  |  |  |  | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The number 47 reversed is 74.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reversed:x3:1
# text = The number 47 reversed is 74.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	number	number	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	47	47	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	2	flat	_	_
4	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	2	acl	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	74	74	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | participle |  | the number *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | the number | 74 |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The decision was reversed after the video replay.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reversed:x4:1
# text = The decision was reversed after the video replay.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	decision	decision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	video	video	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	replay	replay	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | past · passive |  | the decision |  |  | after the video replay |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now the roles were reversed: the pupil taught the teacher.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reversed:x5:1
# text = Now the roles were reversed: the pupil taught the teacher.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	5	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	roles	role	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	pupil	pupil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	taught	teach	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	teacher	teacher	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | past · passive |  | the roles |  |  | now |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **teach** *speech: other* | past | the pupil |  | the teacher |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent teacher=Recipient |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The mirror shows your face reversed left to right.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reversed:x6:1
# text = The mirror shows your face reversed left to right.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	mirror	mirror	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	shows	show	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	acl	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	xcomp	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **show** | present | the mirror | your face |  |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent face=Recipient |
| 2 | **reverse** | participle |  | your face *not said here* |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **leave** | participle |  |  |  | right |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to right=Initial\_Location |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She reversed the order of the cards.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reversed:x7:1
# text = She reversed the order of the cards.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	order	order	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	cards	card	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **reverse** | past | She | the order of the cards |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent order=Patient |
| 2 | **order** |  |  | the cards |  |  |  |  | nom order «communication transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
When the ice melted, the change was reversed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:reversed:x8:1
# text = When the ice melted, the change was reversed.
1	When	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	4	advmod	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	ice	ice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	melted	melt	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	change	change	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
8	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
9	reversed	reverse	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | past | the ice |  |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 2 | **reverse** | past · passive |  | the change |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: subject=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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