---
title: revising — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «revising» in the school dictionary: Revising means studying again what you have learned before, to get ready for a test or exam. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# revising

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, Revising, I, my, She, We · **What happens:** revise, mean, study, learn, get, change · **To what, where:** piece, times tables, story, fractions, plan, little · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
«revising» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [revising in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/revising.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: UK, Australia, NZ, Ireland — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Revising means studying again what you have learned before, to get ready for a test or exam.

<!-- fold The tree, 17 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:revising:m1:1
# text = Revising means studying again what you have learned before, to get ready for a test or exam.
1	Revising	revise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	studying	study	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	2	xcomp	_	_
4	again	again	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
5	what	what	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	8	obj	_	_
6	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
7	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	aux	_	_
8	learned	learn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
9	before	before	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	get	get	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
13	ready	ready	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	xcomp	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
18	exam	exam	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **study** *not said to happen* | gerund |  |  |  |  | again |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **learn** | present · perfect | you |  |  |  |  | before *property* | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent what=Topic |
| 5 | **get** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  | ready *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Revising also means changing and improving a piece of writing, a plan or an idea.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:revising:m2:1
# text = Revising also means changing and improving a piece of writing, a plan or an idea.
1	Revising	revise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	csubj	_	_
2	also	also	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	changing	change	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	3	xcomp	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	improving	improve	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	conj	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	writing	writing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	conj	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	idea	idea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revise** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **mean** | present | Revising |  |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **change** *not said to happen* | gerund | Revising *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **improve** | gerund | Revising *not said here* | a piece of writing and a plan or a idea |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent piece=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I am revising for my maths test.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:revising:x1:1
# text = I am revising for my maths test.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	revising	revise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	for	for	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
5	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
6	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	compound	_	_
7	test	test	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revise** | present · progressive | I |  |  |  |  | for my maths test | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **test** |  | my |  |  |  |  |  | nom test «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She spent the weekend revising her times tables.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:revising:x2:1
# text = She spent the weekend revising her times tables.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spent	spend	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	weekend	weekend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	revising	revise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	2	advcl	_	_
6	her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	7	nmod:poss	_	_
7	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	compound	_	_
8	tables	table	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spend** | past | She |  |  |  | weekend |  | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **revise** | gerund | She *not said here* | times tables |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent table=Patient |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Revise your story to make it more exciting.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:revising:x3:1
# text = Revise your story to make it more exciting.
1	Revise	revise	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	story	story	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obj	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
6	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	obj	_	_
7	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	8	advmod	_	_
8	exciting	exciting	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revise** | imperative | you *not said here* | your story |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent story=Patient |
| 2 | **make** | to-infinitive | you *not said here* | story |  |  |  | exciting *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset it=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We are revising fractions this week.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:revising:x4:1
# text = We are revising fractions this week.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	revising	revise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	fractions	fraction	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	6	det	_	_
6	week	week	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl:unmarked	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revise** | present · progressive | We | fractions |  |  | week |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent fraction=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
After revising his plan, he started again.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:revising:x5:1
# text = After revising his plan, he started again.
1	After	after	SCONJ	IN	_	2	mark	_	_
2	revising	revise	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	_
3	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	plan	plan	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
6	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	nsubj	_	_
7	started	start	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	again	again	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revise** | gerund | he *not said here* | his plan |  |  |  |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent plan=Patient |
| 2 | **start** | past | he |  |  |  | again |  | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
| 3 | **plan** |  | his *= he* |  |  |  |  |  | nom plan «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Revising a little every day works better than cramming.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:revising:x6:1
# text = Revising a little every day works better than cramming.
1	Revising	revise	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	6	csubj	_	_
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	1	obj	_	_
4	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	5	det	_	_
5	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	1	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	works	work	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	better	well	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	6	advmod	_	_
8	than	than	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
9	cramming	cram	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	7	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **revise** | gerund |  | a little |  |  | day |  | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent little=Patient |
| 2 | **work** | present | Revising |  |  |  |  | well *property* | vn employment-95.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **cram** | gerund | Revising *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn learn-14-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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