---
title: rhinovirus — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rhinovirus» in the school dictionary: A kind of very small germ (a virus) that is the most common cause of the common cold. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rhinovirus

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** kind, rhinovirus, Rhino, Rhinoviruses, people, Washing · **What happens:** be, type, cause, mean, spread, sneeze · **To what, where:** common cause, cold viruses, Most colds, nose, nose virus, hands

<!-- .vabout -->
«rhinovirus» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rhinovirus in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rhinovirus.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .note -->
Usage: science, medicine — kept apart, not parsed.

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A kind of very small germ (a virus) that is the most common cause of the common cold.

<!-- fold The tree, 18 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rhinovirus:m1:1
# text = A kind of very small germ (a virus) that is the most common cause of the common cold.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
4	very	very	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	germ	germ	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
7	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	9	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	9	punct	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
14	most	most	ADV	RBS	Degree=Sup	15	advmod	_	_
15	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	cause	cause	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	common	common	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	cold	cold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	16	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a kind of small germ | the common cause |  |  |  | of the common cold | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Any of the many types of these cold viruses.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rhinovirus:m2:1
# text = Any of the many types of these cold viruses.
1	Any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	types	type	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	nmod	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	these	this	DET	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	9	det	_	_
8	cold	cold	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	viruses	virus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **type** |  |  | this cold viruses |  |  |  |  | nom type «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Most colds are caused by a rhinovirus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rhinovirus:x1:1
# text = Most colds are caused by a rhinovirus.
1	Most	most	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	2	amod	_	_
2	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	rhinovirus	rhinovirus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | a rhinovirus | Most colds |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"Rhino" means nose, so a rhinovirus is a nose virus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rhinovirus:x2:1
# text = "Rhino" means nose, so a rhinovirus is a nose virus.
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	Rhino	Rhino	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
4	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
7	so	so	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	rhinovirus	rhinovirus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
12	nose	nose	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	compound	_	_
13	virus	virus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Rhino | nose |  |  |  |  | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nose=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a rhinovirus | a nose virus |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rhinoviruses spread when people sneeze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rhinovirus:x3:1
# text = Rhinoviruses spread when people sneeze.
1	Rhinoviruses	rhinovirus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nsubj	_	_
5	sneeze	sneeze	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present | Rhinoviruses |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **sneeze** | present | people |  |  |  |  |  | vn hiccup-40.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Washing your hands helps stop rhinoviruses spreading.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rhinovirus:x4:1
# text = Washing your hands helps stop rhinoviruses spreading.
1	Washing	wash	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	4	csubj	_	_
2	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	helps	help	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	xcomp	_	_
6	rhinoviruses	rhinovirus	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
7	spreading	spread	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	5	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **wash** | gerund |  | your hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 2 | **help** | present | Washing |  |  |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 3 | **stop** | infinitive | Washing *not said here* | rhinoviruses |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **spread** | gerund | Washing *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Antibiotics can't kill a rhinovirus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rhinovirus:x5:1
# text = Antibiotics can't kill a rhinovirus.
1	Antibiotics	antibiotic	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
2	ca	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	4	advmod	_	_
4	kill	kill	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	rhinovirus	rhinovirus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **kill** | can | Antibiotics | a rhinovirus |  |  |  |  | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rhinovirus=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
There are over 100 types of rhinovirus, which is why we catch so many colds.

<!-- fold The tree, 15 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rhinovirus:x6:1
# text = There are over 100 types of rhinovirus, which is why we catch so many colds.
1	There	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	2	expl	_	_
2	are	be	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	over	over	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	100	100	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	types	type	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	rhinovirus	rhinovirus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
11	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	7	acl:relcl	_	_
12	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	catch	catch	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	advcl:relcl	_	_
14	so	so	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
15	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	colds	cold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **does** | present | 100 types of rhinovirus |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | present | rhinovirus |  |  |  |  | why *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **catch** | present | we | many colds |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cold=Theme |
| 4 | **type** |  |  | rhinovirus |  |  |  |  | nom type «cognition transitive»: of=patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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