---
title: rigid — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rigid» in the school dictionary: Rigid means stiff and hard, not able to bend easily. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rigid

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Rigid, Rigid rules, rigid person, metal ruler, rubber band, cardboard box · **What happens:** mean, bend, be, not change, have, freeze · **To what, where:** ideas, rigid rules, rigid shapes, bridges, monument, side

<!-- .vabout -->
«rigid» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rigid in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rigid.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rigid means stiff and hard, not able to bend easily.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigid:m1:1
# text = Rigid means stiff and hard, not able to bend easily.
1	Rigid	rigid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	stiff	stiff	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	8	advmod	_	_
8	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	_
9	to	to	PART	TO	_	10	mark	_	_
10	bend	bend	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	xcomp	_	_
11	easily	easily	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Rigid |  |  |  |  | stiff *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **bend** | to-infinitive | Rigid *not said here* |  |  |  |  | easily *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rigid rules or plans are strict and cannot be changed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigid:m2:1
# text = Rigid rules or plans are strict and cannot be changed.
1	Rigid	rigid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	amod	_	_
2	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
3	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
4	plans	plan	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	conj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
6	strict	strict	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	changed	change	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Rigid rules or plans |  |  |  |  | strict *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **change** | can · passive | Rigid rules or plans *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V» |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A rigid person will not change their ideas or habits.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigid:m3:1
# text = A rigid person will not change their ideas or habits.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	rigid	rigid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
6	change	change	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	ideas	idea	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
9	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	habits	habit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **change** | future | a rigid person | their ideas or habits |  |  |  |  | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent idea=Patient |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A metal ruler is rigid, but a rubber band is flexible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigid:x1:1
# text = A metal ruler is rigid, but a rubber band is flexible.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	metal	metal	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	ruler	ruler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	rigid	rigid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	rubber	rubber	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
10	band	band	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	flexible	flexible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
13	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | a metal ruler |  |  |  |  | rigid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | present | a rubber band |  |  |  |  | flexible *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cardboard box was rigid and strong.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigid:x2:1
# text = The cardboard box was rigid and strong.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	cardboard	cardboard	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	box	box	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	cop	_	_
5	rigid	rigid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	strong	strong	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the cardboard box |  |  |  |  | rigid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the cardboard box *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The school has rigid rules about phones.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigid:x3:1
# text = The school has rigid rules about phones.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	school	school	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	has	have	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	rigid	rigid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	about	about	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	phones	phone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | present | the school | rigid rules |  |  |  | about phones | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent rule=Patient |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
She froze, rigid with fear.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigid:x4:1
# text = She froze, rigid with fear.
1	She	she	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	froze	freeze	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
4	rigid	rigid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
5	with	with	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	fear	fear	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **freeze** | past | She |  |  |  |  | rigid *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Triangles make rigid shapes in bridges.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigid:x5:1
# text = Triangles make rigid shapes in bridges.
1	Triangles	triangle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rigid	rigid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	shapes	shape	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	bridges	bridge	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Triangles | rigid shapes |  | bridges |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset shape=Product |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Plastic can be rigid or flexible.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigid:x6:1
# text = Plastic can be rigid or flexible.
1	Plastic	plastic	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
2	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
3	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	cop	_	_
4	rigid	rigid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
5	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	flexible	flexible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | can | Plastic |  |  |  |  | rigid *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | Plastic *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Fionn sat rigid and unmoving, his face stony and terrible as the face of a monument carved on the side of a cliff.

<!-- fold The tree, 23 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigid:x7:1
# text = Fionn sat rigid and unmoving, his face stony and terrible as the face of a monument carved on the side of a cliff.
1	Fionn	Fionn	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	sat	sit	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rigid	rigid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	unmoving	unmov	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
9	stony	stony	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	parataxis	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
11	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	conj	_	_
12	as	as	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	face	face	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	monument	monument	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
18	carved	carve	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	acl	_	_
19	on	on	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	side	side	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	cliff	cliff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **sit** | past | Fionn |  |  |  |  | rigid *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **unmov** | gerund | Fionn *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **carve** | participle |  | a monument *not said here* |  | the side of a cliff |  |  | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent on side=Destination |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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