---
title: rigorous — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «rigorous» in the school dictionary: Rigorous means very careful, thorough and exact. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# rigorous

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Rigorous, Scientists, training, We, new medicine, rules · **What happens:** mean, do, be, need, have, rule · **To what, where:** rigorous tests, rigorous proof, maths, rigorous checks, everyone

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«rigorous» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [rigorous in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/rigorous.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rigorous means very careful, thorough and exact.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigorous:m1:1
# text = Rigorous means very careful, thorough and exact.
1	Rigorous	rigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	very	very	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
4	careful	careful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	thorough	thorough	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	exact	exact	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Rigorous |  |  |  |  | careful *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Rigorous means strict or hard, like rigorous training.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigorous:m2:1
# text = Rigorous means strict or hard, like rigorous training.
1	Rigorous	rigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	nsubj	_	_
2	means	mean	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	strict	strict	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	2	xcomp	_	_
4	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	hard	hard	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	like	like	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **mean** | present | Rigorous |  |  |  |  | strict *property* | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scientists do rigorous tests.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigorous:x1:1
# text = Scientists do rigorous tests.
1	Scientists	scientist	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	do	do	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	4	amod	_	_
4	tests	test	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **do** | present | Scientists | rigorous tests |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent test=Eventuality |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The training was rigorous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigorous:x2:1
# text = The training was rigorous.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	training	training	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
3	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | the training |  |  |  |  | rigorous *property* | tree rules |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We need a rigorous proof in maths.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigorous:x3:1
# text = We need a rigorous proof in maths.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	need	need	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
4	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	proof	proof	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	maths	math	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **need** | present | We | a rigorous proof |  | maths |  |  | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot proof=Theme |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The new medicine had rigorous checks.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigorous:x4:1
# text = The new medicine had rigorous checks.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	medicine	medicine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	nsubj	_	_
4	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	checks	check	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the new medicine | rigorous checks |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent check=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Their rules are rigorous.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigorous:x5:1
# text = Their rules are rigorous.
1	Their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	2	nmod:poss	_	_
2	rules	rule	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
3	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	cop	_	_
4	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | Their rules |  |  |  |  | rigorous *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **rule** |  | Their *= they* |  |  |  |  |  | nom rule «cognition intransitive»: poss=agent |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Her rigorous notes helped everyone.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:rigorous:x6:1
# text = Her rigorous notes helped everyone.
1	Her	her	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
2	rigorous	rigorous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	notes	note	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	helped	help	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	everyone	everyone	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Tot	4	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **help** | past | Her rigorous notes |  | everyone |  |  |  | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent everyone=Beneficiary |
| 2 | **note** |  | Her *= she* |  |  |  |  |  | nom note «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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