---
title: ringworm — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ringworm» in the school dictionary: A skin infection caused by a fungus (not a worm) that makes red, itchy, ring-shaped patches on the skin or scalp; it spreads by touching and is treated with cream. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ringworm

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** worm, skin infection, fungus, cat, we, Ringworm · **What happens:** cause, make, shape, spread, touch, treat · **To what, where:** skin infection, Ringworm, hands, red itchy ring, skin, towels

<!-- .vabout -->
«ringworm» in the school dictionary: its meaning for a pupil and its 6 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ringworm in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ringworm.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A skin infection caused by a fungus (not a worm) that makes red, itchy, ring-shaped patches on the skin or scalp; it spreads by touching and is treated with cream.

<!-- fold The tree, 31 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ringworm:m1:1
# text = A skin infection caused by a fungus (not a worm) that makes red, itchy, ring-shaped patches on the skin or scalp; it spreads by touching and is treated with cream.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	infection	infection	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj	_	_
4	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	by	by	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
8	(	(	PUNCT	-LRB-	_	11	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	11	advmod	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	worm	worm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
12	)	)	PUNCT	-RRB-	_	11	punct	_	_
13	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
14	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	acl:relcl	_	_
15	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	14	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	itchy	itchy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	15	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	compound	_	SpaceAfter=No
20	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	19	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	shaped	shape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
22	patches	patch	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	conj	_	_
23	on	on	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	scalp	scalp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
28	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
29	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nsubj	_	_
30	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
31	by	by	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
32	touching	touch	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	30	advcl	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
34	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	35	aux:pass	_	_
35	treated	treat	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	conj	_	_
36	with	with	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	30	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | participle |  | a skin infection *not said here* |  |  |  | by a fungus and a worm and shaped patches on the skin or scalp | vn result-27.2 «NP V PP»: agent=Precondition |
| 2 | **make** | present | a worm and shaped patches on the skin or scalp |  |  |  |  | red *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 3 | **shape** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset |
| 4 | **spread** | present | a skin infection |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **touch** | gerund | a skin infection *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn contiguous\_location-47.8-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **treat** | present · passive | a skin infection *not said here* |  |  |  |  | with cream | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP-Fulfilling PP»: with cream=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ringworm is caused by a fungus, not a worm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ringworm:x1:1
# text = Ringworm is caused by a fungus, not a worm.
1	Ringworm	ringworm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj:pass	_	_
2	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux:pass	_	_
3	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
4	by	by	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	10	advmod	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	worm	worm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | a fungus and a worm | Ringworm |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cat had ringworm, so we washed our hands after stroking it.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ringworm:x2:1
# text = The cat had ringworm, so we washed our hands after stroking it.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cat	cat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ringworm	ringworm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
6	so	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
7	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	8	nsubj	_	_
8	washed	wash	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
9	our	our	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	hands	hand	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	after	after	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
12	stroking	stroke	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	8	advcl	_	_
13	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
14	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the cat | ringworm |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ringworm=Patient |
| 2 | **wash** | past | we | our hands |  |  |  |  | vn floss-41.2.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hand=Patient |
| 3 | **stroke** | gerund | we *not said here* | ringworm |  |  |  |  | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ringworm makes a red, itchy ring on the skin.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ringworm:x3:1
# text = Ringworm makes a red, itchy ring on the skin.
1	Ringworm	ringworm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
2	makes	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
4	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	4	punct	_	_
6	itchy	itchy	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	ring	ring	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
8	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	skin	skin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | Ringworm | a red itchy ring |  | the skin |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ring=Product |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Don't share towels so ringworm doesn't spread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ringworm:x4:1
# text = Don't share towels so ringworm doesn't spread.
1	Do	do	AUX	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	3	advmod	_	_
3	share	share	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	towels	towel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	9	mark	_	_
6	ringworm	ringworm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
7	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	n't	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	9	advmod	_	_
9	spread	spread	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **share** | imperative · do-support | you *not said here* | towels |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **not** **spread** | present · do-support | ringworm |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The doctor gave him a cream for ringworm.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ringworm:x5:1
# text = The doctor gave him a cream for ringworm.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	doctor	doctor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	gave	give	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	cream	cream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	for	for	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	ringworm	ringworm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | past | the doctor | a cream | him *= he* |  |  | for ringworm | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent he=Recipient cream=Theme for ringworm=Asset |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Athlete's foot is caused by a similar fungus.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ringworm:x6:1
# text = Athlete's foot is caused by a similar fungus.
1	Athlete	athlete	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod:poss	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	's	's	PART	POS	_	1	case	_	_
3	foot	foot	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	caused	cause	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	by	by	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	similar	similar	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	fungus	fungus	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | present · passive | a similar fungus | Athlete's foot |  |  |  |  | vn engender-27.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Precondition subject=Patient |

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**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

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