---
title: ripple — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «ripple» in the school dictionary: A small wave on the surface of water, like the rings when you drop a stone in a pond. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# ripple

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, laughter, I, ripples, wind, ripple · **What happens:** drop, move, spread, ripple, throw, watch · **To what, where:** stone, pond, small waves, flag, wind, pebble

<!-- .vabout -->
«ripple» in the school dictionary: its 3 meanings for a pupil and its 7 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [ripple in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/ripple.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A small wave on the surface of water, like the rings when you drop a stone in a pond.

<!-- fold The tree, 19 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ripple:m1:1
# text = A small wave on the surface of water, like the rings when you drop a stone in a pond.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	wave	wave	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	surface	surface	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	rings	ring	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	conj	_	_
13	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
14	you	you	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Person=2|PronType=Prs	15	nsubj	_	_
15	drop	drop	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	acl:relcl	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
18	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	pond	pond	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **drop** | present | you | a stone |  | a pond |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent stone=Theme in pond=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
To move in small waves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ripple:m2:1
# text = To move in small waves.
1	To	to	PART	TO	_	2	mark	_	_
2	move	move	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	amod	_	_
5	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **move** | to-infinitive |  |  |  | small waves |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme in wave=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"The flag rippled in the wind."

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ripple:m2e:1
# text = "The flag rippled in the wind."
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	flag	flag	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	rippled	ripple	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl	_	_
5	in	in	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ripple** *in a quote* | participle |  | the flag *not said here* |  | the wind |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in wind=Location |

## Meaning 3 {#m3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Something that spreads slowly.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ripple:m3:1
# text = Something that spreads slowly.
1	Something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	0	root	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	spreads	spread	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	slowly	slowly	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
5	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread** | present |  |  |  |  |  | slowly *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
The example in this meaning, parsed on its own:

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
"a ripple of laughter".

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ripple:m3e:1
# text = "a ripple of laughter".
1	"	"	PUNCT	``	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
2	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	ripple	ripple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	"	"	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ripple** *in a quote* |  | laughter |  |  |  |  |  | nom ripple «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I threw a pebble and watched the ripples spread.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ripple:x1:1
# text = I threw a pebble and watched the ripples spread.
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	threw	throw	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	pebble	pebble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	watched	watch	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	ripples	ripple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	9	nsubj	_	_
9	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	ccomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **throw** | past | I | a pebble |  |  |  |  | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pebble=Theme |
| 2 | **watch** | past | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **spread** | present | the ripples |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The wind made ripples on the lake.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ripple:x2:1
# text = The wind made ripples on the lake.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	ripples	ripple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | the wind | ripples |  | the lake |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset ripple=Product |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A ripple of laughter went round the class.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ripple:x3:1
# text = A ripple of laughter went round the class.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	ripple	ripple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	laughter	laughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	went	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	round	round	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	class	class	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **go** | past | a ripple of laughter |  |  | the class |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme round class=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **ripple** |  | laughter |  |  |  |  |  | nom ripple «event intransitive»: of=agent |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The curtains rippled in the breeze.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ripple:x4:1
# text = The curtains rippled in the breeze.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	curtains	curtain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rippled	ripple	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	breeze	breeze	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **ripple** | past | the curtains |  |  | the breeze |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_modes\_being-47.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in breeze=Location |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Ripples spread out in circles from where the stone landed.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ripple:x5:1
# text = Ripples spread out in circles from where the stone landed.
1	Ripples	ripple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	nsubj	_	_
2	spread	spread	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	out	out	ADP	RP	_	2	compound:prt	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	circles	circle	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obl	_	_
6	from	from	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	10	advmod	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	landed	land	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	acl:relcl	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **spread out** | present | Ripples |  |  | circles |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in circle=Location |
| 2 | **land** | past | the stone |  |  |  |  |  | vn pocket-9.10-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
One kind act can have a ripple effect.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ripple:x6:1
# text = One kind act can have a ripple effect.
1	One	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	3	nummod	_	_
2	kind	kind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	act	act	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
4	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	have	have	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
7	ripple	ripple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	compound	_	_
8	effect	effect	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | can | One kind act | a ripple effect |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent effect=Patient |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The sand on the beach had ripples from the waves.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:ripple:x7:1
# text = The sand on the beach had ripples from the waves.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	beach	beach	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	ripples	ripple	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obj	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	waves	wave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
11	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | the sand on the beach | ripples |  | the waves |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ripple=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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