---
title: river — school dictionary · trees and pragmatics
description: «river» in the school dictionary: A river is a large stream of fresh water that flows across land to a lake, another river or the sea. Every meaning for a pupil with its dependency tree and pragmatics.
---

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# river

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** river, large stream, boat, bridge, Shannon, you · **What happens:** be, flow, travel, take, cross, carry · **To what, where:** large stream, land, large flowing amount, 20 miles, 300 meters, it

<!-- .vabout -->
«river» in the school dictionary: its 2 meanings for a pupil and its 10 examples, every sentence parsed by Mova itself — its syntax tree, a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, and its pragmatics clause by clause. The word in the dictionary, with its sense in the lessons: [river in the school dictionary](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/dictionaries/school/w/river.md).

## Meaning 1 {#m1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A river is a large stream of fresh water that flows across land to a lake, another river or the sea.

<!-- fold The tree, 21 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:river:m1:1
# text = A river is a large stream of fresh water that flows across land to a lake, another river or the sea.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	stream	stream	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	fresh	fresh	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	11	nsubj	_	_
11	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	acl:relcl	_	_
12	across	across	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	lake	lake	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	another	another	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	19	det	_	_
19	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	appos	_	_
20	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	SpaceAfter=No
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | a river | a large stream |  |  |  | of fresh water | tree rules |
| 2 | **flow** | present | a large stream |  |  | land |  | to a lake | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## Meaning 2 {#m2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A river of something is a large flowing amount: a river of lava, rivers of tears.

<!-- fold The tree, 16 words -->
```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:river:m2:1
# text = A river of something is a large flowing amount: a river of lava, rivers of tears.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	something	something	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	2	nmod	_	_
5	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
7	large	large	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
8	flowing	flow	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	9	amod	_	_
9	amount	amount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	appos	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	lava	lava	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
16	rivers	river	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	tears	tear	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
19	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	9	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | gerund |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **is a** | present | a river of something | a large flowing amount |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 1 {#x1}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river is 120 km long.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:river:x1:1
# text = The river is 120 km long.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	120	120	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	km	km	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl:unmarked	_	_
6	long	long	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | present | the river |  |  |  |  | 120 km *obl:unmarked*; long *property* | tree rules |

## Example 2 {#x2}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
A boat travels 20 miles up the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:river:x2:1
# text = A boat travels 20 miles up the river.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	boat	boat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	travels	travel	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	20	20	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	5	nummod	_	_
5	miles	mile	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **travel** | present | a boat | 20 miles |  |  |  | up the river | vn run-51.3.2-1 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Initial\_Location mile=Theme |

## Example 3 {#x3}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The bridge over the river is 300 meters.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:river:x3:1
# text = The bridge over the river is 300 meters.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	bridge	bridge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	over	over	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
7	300	300	NUM	CD	NumForm=Digit|NumType=Card	8	nummod	_	_
8	meters	meter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	0	root	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the bridge over the river | 300 meters |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 4 {#x4}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
How long does it take to cross the river?

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:river:x4:1
# text = How long does it take to cross the river?
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	2	advmod	_	_
2	long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
3	does	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	expl	_	_
5	take	take	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	cross	cross	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	csubj	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	SpaceAfter=No
10	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **take** | present · do-support |  | it |  |  |  | long *property* | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **cross** | to-infinitive |  | the river |  |  |  |  | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent river=Patient |

## Example 5 {#x5}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river flows into the sea.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:river:x5:1
# text = The river flows into the sea.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	flows	flow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	into	into	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	sea	sea	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flow** | present | the river |  |  | the sea |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

## Example 6 {#x6}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The Shannon is the longest river in Ireland.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:river:x6:1
# text = The Shannon is the longest river in Ireland.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	Shannon	Shannon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	longest	long	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	6	amod	_	_
6	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Ireland	Ireland	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | the Shannon | the longest river |  | Ireland |  |  | tree rules |

## Example 7 {#x7}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The river carries sand and mud downstream.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:river:x7:1
# text = The river carries sand and mud downstream.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	carries	carry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	sand	sand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
6	mud	mud	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
7	downstream	downstream	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	SpaceAfter=No
8	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **carry** | present | the river | sand and mud |  |  |  | downstream *property* | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sand=Theme |

## Example 8 {#x8}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Never swim in a river without an adult.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:river:x8:1
# text = Never swim in a river without an adult.
1	Never	never	ADV	RB	PronType=Neg	2	advmod	_	_
2	swim	swim	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	without	without	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	adult	adult	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **swim** | imperative | you *not said here* |  |  | a river |  | without a adult | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in river=Trajectory |

## Example 9 {#x9}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
We floated on a raft down the river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:river:x9:1
# text = We floated on a raft down the river.
1	We	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	floated	float	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	on	on	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	raft	raft	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
6	down	down	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **float** | past | We |  |  | a raft |  | down the river | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V PP.trajectory»: agent=Theme on raft=Trajectory |

## Example 10 {#x10}

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
It will become a wide, wide river.

```conllu
# sent_id = dict:school:river:x10:1
# text = It will become a wide, wide river.
1	It	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
2	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	become	become	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
5	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	SpaceAfter=No
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
7	wide	wide	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	8	amod	_	_
8	river	river	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	xcomp	_	SpaceAfter=No
9	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **become** | future | It | a wide wide river |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |

<!-- div src -->

**Text:** the school dictionary of Mova's schools (`world/data/dictionary-schools/`), written for Mova. **Trees:** Mova's own parse — the `en` model on the CPU, when the site is built — not checked by a teacher; they may be wrong. **Frames:** Mova's frames reader (`prag`), each meaning and example read on its own. Elamur Cosmic License.

<!-- /div -->

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